Intshayelelo

Kwiilabhoratri zanamhlanje, imisebenzi yokuchaneka ibeka iimfuno ezingakumbi kwizitya. Ingakumbi xa besebenza ngezixa ezincinci zolwelo, abaqhubi badla ngokujongana nemingeni emininzi. I-labware yendabuko, nangona isabalulekile kwimisebenzi yesiqhelo, inkulu kwaye ayichanekanga xa iphatha iidosi ezincinci zolwelo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokuchaneka nokucoceka kwiimeko zovavanyo.

Uyilo oluchanekileyo lwebhotile yedropper encinci ene-degreeed dropper lwenza ukuba ukukhupha ulwelo kube lula ukulawuleka nokuthenjwa.

Kutheni iLabhoratri ingenakuphila ngaphandle kweebhotile ze-Small Graduated Burette?

Iibhotile ze-burette ezincinci ezigqityiweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiilabhoratri kuba zibonisa iingenelo ezikhethekileyo ngokubhekiselele ekuchanekeni, ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.

1. Amandla okulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo

Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuchaneka kwezilingo kuxhomekeke ekufakweni kolwelo ngokuchanekileyo. Iibhotile zedropper ezikhethekileyo zinexabiso elincinci leempazamo kuluhlu kunezikhongozeli zemveli ezigqityiweyo kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezilingo ngezongezo ezilandelelanayo ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo.

2. Uyilo oluchasene nongcoliseko

Ibhotile yedropper yenzelwe isiciko sesikrufu okanye incam yedropper eneqhekeza elinye, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukutywinwa kwaye ithintele ngokufanelekileyo umxholo ekubeni ungabi ngumphunga okanye ungabi yi-oxidizing. Kwangaxeshanye, xa kuthelekiswa nemisebenzi yepipette efuna utshintsho rhoqo lwencam, incam yedropper ngokwayo ithintela imisebenzi emininzi kwaye inciphisa amathuba okungcoliswa okunqamlezileyo, iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye igcine izinto ezisetyenziswayo.

3. Ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphathekayo

Iibhotile zedropper ezigqityiweyo esizithengisayo zenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate ephezulu, ayitshisi ubushushu kwaye ayitshisi umhlwa, ifanelekile ukunyangwa kubushushu obuphezulu okanye ii-reagents ze-asidi enamandla kunye ne-alkali.

Imizekelo yeSicelo esiQhelekileyo

Iibhotile ze-burette ezincinci ezigqityiweyo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zovavanyo ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo, ingakumbi kwimisebenzi yovavanyo efuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu kolawulo lolwelo kunye nokusebenza ngokulula.

1. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji yemolekyuli

Kwimisebenzi yenqanaba le-molecular, ubunzima kunye nomthamo wee-reagents zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iziphumo zovavanyo. Iibhotile ze-dropper zilungele ukukhutshwa nokugcinwa kwe-DNA/RNA, kwaye ubungakanani be-1ml buthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukufuma kwesampulu kwaye kwenza kube lula ukugcina efrijini. Kwimisebenzi ye-enzyme okanye ye-antibody, iibhotile ze-3ml zingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha inani elifanelekileyo lee-reagents, kuthintelwe ukulahleka komsebenzi okubangelwa kukuqandisa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokunyibilika kweebhotile ezinkulu, kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuphinda kuvele kunye nokuzinza kweemvavanyo.

2. Uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali

Kwilungiselelo eliqhelekileyo lebhotile kuhlalutyo lobungakanani, ibhotile yedropper ye-5 ml inika indawo yokuyijonga nokuyisebenzisa ngokulula kwaye ifanelekile kwiindlela ezininzi zokuxuba. Kwizinto ezithile ezinobuthi okanye eziguquguqukayo, incam yedrip engavuziyo yebhotile kunye noyilo lwentambo yokutywina luphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lokuphatha kwaye lunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwabasebenzi kunye nokuphuma kwegesi.

3. Iilebhu zokufundisa

Kwiikholeji nakwilabhoratri yokufundisa kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo, ukusasazwa kwee-reagent kwangaphambili akunakunciphisa kuphela inkunkuma yee-reagent ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa kukwanciphisa namathuba okuba abafundi badibane ngqo neekhemikhali eziyingozi kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wemfundo yokhuseleko. Iibhotile ezicacileyo ezinezikali zinceda abafundi ukuba baseke ulwazi "lokuqonda umthamo" kunye "nokuqonda ngokuthe ngqo", kwaye kuphucule uqeqesho lwezakhono zovavanyo.

Isikhokelo sokukhetha

Phakathi kweempawu ezininzi kunye nezixhobo onokukhetha kuzo, ukuthengwa ngokwesayensi nangokusengqiqweni kweebhotile zedropper ezincinci ezigqityiweyo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokhuseleko lweziphumo zovavanyo.

1. Ingqiqo yokukhetha umthamo

Iimfuneko zovavanyo ezingaqhelekanga zilawula ubungakanani beebhotile ezihlengahlengisiweyo:

• 1ml/2mlIibhotile zifanelekile kwii-reagents ezincinci kakhulu ezinexabiso elinye, zinciphisa inkunkuma kwaye zilula ukugcina.
• 3mlIibhotile zezona ziqhelekileyo nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, zilungele uvavanyo lwemihla ngemihla lokukhupha ulwelo, zinomthamo ophakathi kwaye kulula ukuziphatha.
• 5mlIibhotile zifanelekile kwizisombululo ezihlala zisetyenziswa, ziphepha ukuphinda zizaliswe kwaye ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwezilingo.

2. Ugxininiso lweparameter ebalulekileyo

Inkqubo yokukhetha kufuneka igxile koku kulandelayo:

• Ukucaca kwesikali: Iibhotile zedropper ezisemgangathweni ophezulu mazibhalwe nge-laser okanye ziprintwe ngokunamathela okuphezulu ukuze kuthintelwe ukufiphala kwesikali xa kushushu kakhulu okanye kucocwa kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba ziyafundeka ixesha elide.
• Ukutywina: Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze uvavanyo olulula lokuguqula ibhotile ngaphambi kokuba uthenge okokuqala – gcwalisa ibhotile ngamanzi, uqinise isiciko kwaye usiguqule kangangeeyure ezingama-24 ukuze ubone ukuba kukho na into evuzayo, esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imeko yokugcina.

3. Isilumkiso sokuphepha imigibe

Iindawo zelebhu zibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwizixhobo zeekhonteyina, kwaye le micimbi ilandelayo kufuneka iqiniswe:

• Iibhotile zeplastiki ezikumgangatho ophantsi zinokuba neeplastiki okanye i-leachate ye-organic solvent, ingakumbi xa kugcinwa ii-reagents ezine-asidi okanye ze-organic, ezinokuba sengozini yokungcola, nto leyo echaphazela ubunyulu kunye nokhuseleko lwezilingo.
• Iimveliso ezingabizi kakhulu ezineempazamo ezinkulu zinokubangela ukuba i-spiking volumes ingachanekanga, nto leyo enokubangela ukuthambekela kovavanyo okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuphindaphinda, ingakumbi xa kusenziwa ii-reactions ezinobuthathaka kugxininiso.

Isiphelo

Iibhotile ezincinci zedropper ezigqityiweyo azibonakali kodwa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindawo ephucukileyo nesebenzayo yelebhu. Ngokulawula isikali ngokuchanekileyo/ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina kunye nezixhobo ezikhethwayo ezihambelana neekhemikhali, zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiphindwe kathathu "sokuchaneka+ukhuseleko+ukusebenza kakuhle" kwimisebenzi yovavanyo. Ezi zixhobo zisisiseko kodwa zibalulekileyo ziqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha, ukuthembeka kweesampuli, kunye nokuphindaphinda kweenkqubo zovavanyo.

Abavavanyi kufuneka bakhethe umthamo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiibhotile ngokwemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yovavanyo ukuze baphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye baphephe iimpazamo okanye iingozi ezingafunekiyo. Ibhotile ehambelana ngokuchanekileyo inokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo yovavanyo.