Eli nqaku liza kugxininisa kwii-vials ze-scintillation, ukuhlola izinto kunye noyilo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa, impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuzinza, ukuveliswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukhuseleko kunye nemimiselo yeebhotile ze-scintillation. Ngokuphonononga le mixholo, siya kufumana ukuqonda okunzulu ngokubaluleka kophando lwenzululwazi kunye nomsebenzi waselabhoratri, kwaye siphonononge izikhokelo zexesha elizayo kunye nemingeni yophuhliso.

Ⅰ. Ukukhethwa kwezinto

• PolyethyleneVS. Iglasi: Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingalunganga Ukuthelekisa

 ▶Polyethylene

Inzuzo 

1. Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye ayiqhekeki ngokulula, ilungele ukuthuthwa nokuphatha.

2. Ixabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukukala imveliso.

3. I-inertness elungileyo yeekhemikhali, ayiyi kusabela kwiikhemikhali ezininzi.

4. Ingasetyenziselwa iisampuli ezine-radioactivity ephantsi.

Ukusilela

1. Izinto ze-polyethylene zinokubangela uphazamiseko lwangasemva kunye ne-isotopi ethile ye-radioactive

2.Ukukhanya okuphezulu kwenza kube nzima ukujonga isampulu ngokubonakalayo.

▶ Iglasi

         Inzuzo

1. Ukungafihli okugqwesileyo kokuqwalaselwa ngokulula kweesampulu

2. Inokuhambelana kakuhle ne-isotopi ezininzi ze-radioactive

3. Yenza kakuhle kwiisampuli ezine-radioactivity ephezulu kwaye ayiphazamisi iziphumo zokulinganisa.

Ukusilela

1. Iglasi ibuthathaka kwaye ifuna ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kunye nokugcinwa.

2. Ixabiso lezinto zeglasi liphezulu kwaye alifanelekanga kumashishini amancinci ukuba abe neproukuhambisa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu.

3. Izinto zeglasi zinokunyibilika okanye zitshatyalaliswe kwiikhemikhali ezithile, nto leyo ekhokelela kungcoliseko.

• OkunokwenzekaAizicelo zeOaphoMizixhobo

▶ IplastikiCabaphikisayo

Ukudibanisa izibonelelo zeepolymers kunye nezinye izinto zokuqinisa (ezifana ne-fiberglass), inokumbini ukuphatheka kunye neqondo elithile lokuqina kunye nokungafihli.

▶ Izinto Ezinokonakala

Kwezinye iisampulu ezilahlwayo okanye iimeko, imathiriyeli enokubola ephilayo inokuthathelwa ingqalelo ukunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga kokusingqongileyo.

▶ IipolymericMizixhobo

Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zepolymer ezifana nepolypropylene, ipolyester, njl.njl ngokweemfuno ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa ukuhlangabezana neekhemikhali ezingafaniyo zokungangeni kunye neemfuno zokuxhathisa umhlwa.

Kubalulekile ukuyila kunye nokuvelisa iibhotile ze-scintillation ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kunye nokuthembeka kokhuseleko ngokuqwalasela ngokubanzi iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, ukuze ukhethe izinto ezifanelekileyo zokupakishwa kwesampulu kwiilabhoratri okanye kwezinye iimeko. .

Ⅱ. Iimpawu zoyilo

• UkutywinwaPukusebenza

(1)Amandla okusebenza kokutywina abalulekile ekuchanekeni kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ibhotile ye-scintillation kufuneka ikwazi ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvuza kwezinto ze-radioactive okanye ukungena kwezinto ezingcolileyo zangaphandle kwisampuli ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezichanekileyo zokulinganisa.

(2)Impembelelo yokukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ekusebenzeni kokutywinwa.Iibhotile ze-scintillation ezenziwe ngezinto ze-polyethylene zihlala zisebenza kakuhle ukutywinwa, kodwa kunokubakho ukuphazamiseka okungasemva kwiisampuli eziphezulu ze-radioactive. Ngokwahlukileyo, iibhotile ze-scintillation ezenziwe ngezinto zeglasi zinokubonelela ngokusebenza ngcono kokutywinwa kunye nokungangeni kweekhemikhali, kubenze bafanelekele iisampulu eziphezulu ze-radioactive.

(3)Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutywina kunye neteknoloji yokutywinwa. Ukongeza ekukhethweni kwezinto eziphathekayo, iteknoloji yokutywina nayo yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukusebenza kokutywinwa. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokutywinwa ziquka ukongeza iigaskets zerubha ngaphakathi kwebhotile, usebenzisa iiplastiki zokutywinwa, njl njl. Indlela yokutywina efanelekileyo ingakhethwa ngokweemfuno zovavanyo.

• IIimpembelelo yeSize kunyeShape yeSukulimaBottles onPngokobuhlangaAizicelo

(1)Ukukhethwa kobukhulu kuhambelana nobukhulu besampuli kwibhotile ye-scintillation.Ubungakanani okanye umthamo webhotile ye-scintillation kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kwisixa sesampuli esilinganiswe kuvavanyo. Kuvavanyo olunobungakanani beesampulu ezincinci, ukukhetha ibhotile yomthamo omncinci we-scintillation kunokonga iindleko ezisebenzayo kunye nesampulu, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kovavanyo.

(2)Impembelelo yobume ekuxubeni kunye nokutshatyalaliswa.Umahluko kwimilo kunye nezantsi kwebhotile ye-scintillation inokuchaphazela ukuxuba kunye nemiphumo yokutshatyalaliswa phakathi kweesampuli ngexesha lovavanyo. Umzekelo, ibhotile ephantsi engqukuva inokuthi ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuxubana neempendulo kwi-oscillator, ngelixa ibhotile esezantsi emcaba ifaneleke ngakumbi ukwahlula imvula kwi-centrifuge.

(3)Usetyenziso olumilisekileyo. Ezinye iibhotile ze-scintillation ezimilisekileyo, ezinje ngoyilo olusezantsi olunegrooves okanye i-spirals, zinokunyusa indawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwesampulu kunye nolwelo lwe-scintillation kunye nokuphucula ubuntununtunu bomlinganiselo.

Ngokuyila ukusebenza kokutywinwa, ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nomthamo webhotile ye-scintillation ngokufanelekileyo, iimfuno zovavanyo zinokufezekiswa ngowona mgangatho mkhulu, uqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.

Ⅲ. Injongo kunye neSicelo

•  SnzuluRkhangela

▶ IradioisotopeMi-easurement

(1)Uphando lwamayeza eNyukliya: Iiflaski zeScantillation zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulinganisa ukuhanjiswa kunye ne-metabolism ye-isotopi ye-radioactive kwizinto eziphilayo, ezifana nokusasazwa kunye nokufunxa amachiza abhalwe nge-radiolabeled. I-Metabolism kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha. Le milinganiselo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni kwezifo, ukufunyanwa kweenkqubo zonyango, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwamachiza amatsha.

(2)Uphando lwekhemistri yeNyukliya: Kumfuniselo wekhemistri yenyukliya, iiflaski zescintillation zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umsebenzi kunye nokuxinana kweeisotophu zeradioactive, ukuze kufundwe iipropathi zekhemikhali zezinto ezibonisa ukukhanya, i-nuclear reaction kinetics, kunye neenkqubo zokubola kwe-radioactive. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni iimpawu kunye notshintsho lwemathiriyeli yenyukliya.

▶Dukuhlolwa kombhoxo

(1)IziyobisiMutyandoRkhangela: Iiflaski zeScantillation zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya i-kinetics ye-metabolic kunye nentsebenziswano yeprotheni yeziyobisi yeekhompawundi kwizinto eziphilayo. Oku kuyanceda

ukuhluza iikhompawundi zamachiza anokubakho, ukukhulisa uyilo lwamachiza, kunye nokuvavanya iipropathi ze-pharmacokinetic zamachiza.

(2)IziyobisiAumsebenziEukuxabisa: Iibhotile zeScantillation zikwasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umsebenzi webhayoloji kunye nokusebenza kweziyobisi, umzekelo, ngokulinganisa ubudlelwane obubophayo phakathin amachiza eradiolabeled kunye neemolekyuli ezijoliswe ekuvavanyeni i-anti-tumor okanye umsebenzi we-antimicrobial wamachiza.

▶ IsiceloCezinje ngeDNASequencing

(1)Itekhnoloji yeRadiolabeling: Kuphando lwe-molecular biology kunye ne-genomics, iibhotile ze-scintillation zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa i-DNA okanye iisampuli ze-RNA ezibhalwe ngee-isotopi ze-radioactive. Le teknoloji ye-radioactive labeling isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulandelelwano lwe-DNA, i-RNA hybridization, i-protein-nucleic acid interactions, kunye nezinye iimvavanyo, ezibonelela ngezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zophando lomsebenzi wemfuza kunye nokuxilongwa kwezifo.

(2)Nucleic Acid Hybridization Technology: Iibhotile ze-scintillation zikwasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iimpawu ze-radioactive kwi-nucleic acid hybridization reactions. Iiteknoloji ezininzi ezinxulumene nazo zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukulandelelana okuthe ngqo kwe-DNA okanye i-RNA, eyenza i-genomics kunye nophando olunxulumene ne-transcriptomics.

Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweebhotile ze-scintillation kuphando lwezenzululwazi, le mveliso ibonelela abasebenzi baselabhoratri ngendlela echanekileyo kodwa enovakalelo yokulinganisa i-radioactive, ibonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi nolwezonyango.

• Imizi-mvelisoAizicelo

▶ IPyingoziIishishini

(1)UmgangathoClawula ngaphakathiDumbhoxoPukuqaliswa: Ngexesha lokuveliswa kweziyobisi, iibhotile ze-scintillation zisetyenziselwa ukumiselwa kwamacandelo eyeza kunye nokufunyanwa kwezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwe-radioactive ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamachiza uhlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanya umsebenzi, ukugxila, kunye nokucoceka kwee-isotopi ze-radioactive, kunye nokuzinza ukuba amachiza anokugcina phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

(2)Uphuhliso kunyeSukwenziwa kweNew Diiragi: Iibhotile ze-scintillation zisetyenziselwa inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kweziyobisi ukuvavanya i-metabolism, ukuphumelela, kunye ne-toxicology yamachiza. Oku kunceda ukuhluza amachiza okwenziwa anokuba ngabaviwa kunye nokwandisa ubume bawo, kukhawulezisa isantya kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kophuhliso lwechiza elitsha.

▶ EkwezendaloMi-onitoring

(1)I-radioactivePungcolisoMi-onitoring: Iibhotile ze-scintillation zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlolo lokusingqongileyo, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulinganiseni ukugxila kunye nomsebenzi wezingcolisi ze-radioactive ekubunjweni komhlaba, okusingqongileyo kwamanzi kunye nomoya. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni ukusasazwa kwezinto ezinemitha yemitha kokusingqongileyo, ungcoliseko lwenyukliya eChengdu, ukukhusela ubomi boluntu kunye nokhuseleko lwepropathi, kunye nempilo yokusingqongileyo.

(2)InyukliyaWasteTunyango kunyeMi-onitoring: Kushishino lwamandla enyukliya, iibhotile zescintillation zikwasetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kunye nokulinganisa iinkqubo zokucocwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya. Oku kuquka ukulinganisa umsebenzi wenkunkuma eqhumayo, ukubeka esweni ukukhutshwa kwemitha yemitha evela kwiindawo zokucocwa kwenkunkuma, njl. njl., ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokuthotyelwa kwenkqubo yokucocwa kwenkunkuma yenyukliya.

▶ Imizekelo yeAizicelo kwiOaphoFimihlaba

(1)GeologicalRkhangela: Iiflaski zeScantillation zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwinkalo yejoloji ukulinganisa umxholo we-isotopes ye-radioactive ematyeni, emhlabeni, nakwiminerali, kunye nokufunda imbali yoMhlaba ngemilinganiselo echanekileyo. Iinkqubo zeGeological kunye ne-genesis yeediphozithi zamaminerali

(2) In iField yeFoodIishishini, iibhotile ze-scintillation zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umxholo wezinto ezisasazwa nge-radioactive kwiisampuli zokutya eziveliswe kushishino lokutya, ukwenzela ukuvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nemiba yomgangatho wokutya.

(3)ImithaTunyango: Iibhotile zeScintillation zisetyenziswa kwinkalo yonyango lwemitha yonyango ukulinganisa idosi yeradiation eyenziwe zizixhobo zonyango lweradiation, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokhuseleko ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango.

Ngokusetyenziswa okubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neyeza, ukujongwa kokusingqongileyo, i-geology, ukutya, njl. njl., iibhotile ze-scintillation aziboneleli kuphela iindlela zokulinganisa i-radioactive kwishishini, kodwa nakwintlalo, indalo, kunye nenkcubeko, ukuqinisekisa impilo yabantu kunye nentlalontle kunye nokusingqongileyo. ukhuseleko.

Ⅳ. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye noZinzo

• ImvelisoSitheyibhile

▶ UmbandelaSunyuloCukujongaSukuqhubekeka

(1)IUse yeRinokwenzekaMizixhobo: Kwimveliso yeebhotile ze-scintillation, izinto ezivuselelekayo ezifana neeplastiki ezinokutyalwa yi-biodegradable okanye iipolymers ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe zikwajongwa njengokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo elinganiselweyo engahlaziyekiyo kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yazo kwindalo esingqongileyo.

(2)OkubalulekileyoSunyulo lweLow-carbonPukuhlambalazaMizixhobo: Ukubaluleka kufuneka kunikwe izinto eziphathekayo ezineepropathi zekhabhoni ezisezantsi zokuvelisa kunye nokuveliswa, ezifana nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kokungcola ukunciphisa umthwalo kwindalo.

(3) Ukurisayikilishwa kweMizixhobo: Kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kweebhotile ze-scintillation, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kuthathwa njengokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona, ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma yemithombo.

▶ EzendaloIimpactAuvavanyo ngexeshaPukuqaliswaPirowusi

(1)UbomiCycleAuvavanyo: Yenza uvavanyo lomjikelezo wobomi ngexesha lokuveliswa kweebhotile ze-scintillation ukuvavanya iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, kubandakanywa ukulahleka kwamandla, ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, ukusetyenziswa komthombo wamanzi, njl., ukwenzela ukunciphisa impembelelo yendalo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.

(2) Inkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo: Sebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo, ezifana nomgangatho we-ISO 14001 (umgangatho wenkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo owamkelwa kumazwe ngamazwe obonelela ngesakhelo semibutho ukuyila nokuphumeza iinkqubo zolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo kwaye ngokuqhubekayo iphucule ukusebenza kwayo kokusingqongileyo. Ngokubambelela ngokungqongqo kulo mgangatho, imibutho inokuqinisekisa ukuba imibutho ikwazi ukwenza inkqubo yolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo kwaye iqhube kakuhle. ukuba baqhubeke nokuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo kunye namanyathelo okunciphisa impembelelo yendalo esingqongileyo), bamisele imilinganiselo esebenzayo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo, ukubeka iliso nokulawula iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa ihambelana neemfuno ezingqongqo zemigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye imigangatho.

(3) UbutyebiCugcino kunyeEuburhalarhumeEukusebenza kakuhleIuphuculo: Ngokulungisa iinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukunciphisa ilahleko yezinto eziluhlaza kunye namandla, ukwandisa ubutyebi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye ngokunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga kwindalo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngokugqithiseleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa.

Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iibhotile ze-scintillation, ngokuqwalasela izinto zophuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukwamkela izinto zokuvelisa ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula imveliso efanelekileyo, impembelelo embi kwindalo inokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokusingqongileyo.

• Sebenzisa iSigaba

▶ WasteMulawulo

(1)NgokufanelekileyoDukuthunyelwa: Abasebenzisi kufuneka balahle inkunkuma ngokufanelekileyo emva kokusebenzisa iibhotile ze-scintillation, balahle iibhotile ze-scintillation ezilahliweyo kwizikhongozeli zenkunkuma ezichongiweyo okanye imigqomo yokurisayikilisha, kwaye baphephe okanye bade baphelise ungcoliseko olubangelwa kukulahlwa okungakhethiyo okanye ukuxubana nenye inkunkuma, enokuba nefuthe elingenakulungiseka kokusingqongileyo. .

(2) UkuhlelwaRi-ecycling: Iibhotile ze-scintillation zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, njengeglasi okanye i-polyethylene. Iibhotile ze-scintillation ezilahliweyo zinokuhlelwa kwakhona kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona ukuze zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo.

(3) InobungoziWasteTunyango: Ukuba i-radioactive okanye ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zigcinwe okanye zigcinwe kwiibhotile ze-scintillation, iibhotile ze-scintillation ezilahliweyo kufuneka ziphathwe njengenkunkuma enobungozi ngokuhambelana nemimiselo efanelekileyo kunye nezikhokelo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemimiselo efanelekileyo.

▶ Ukurisayikilisha kunyeReuse

(1)Ukurisayikilisha kunyeReprocessing: Iibhotile ze-scintillation zenkunkuma zingaphinda zisetyenziswe ngokuhlaziywa kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona. Iibhotile zescintillation ezihlaziyiweyo zinokusetyenzwa ziifektri ezikhethekileyo zokurisayikilisha kunye nezixhobo, kwaye izixhobo zinokwenziwa kwakhona zibe ziibhotile zescintillation ezintsha okanye ezinye iimveliso zeplastiki.

(2)Izinto eziphathekayoReuse: Iibhotile ze-scintillation ezihlaziyiweyo ezicoceke ngokupheleleyo kwaye ezingangcoliswanga zizinto ezisasazwa nge-radioactive zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza kwakhona iibhotile ze-scintillation ezintsha, ngelixa iibhotile ze-scintillation ebezifudula zinezinye izinto ezingcolisa i-radioactive kodwa zihlangabezana nemigangatho yococeko kwaye zingenabungozi emzimbeni womntu nazo zingasetyenziswa. njengezixhobo zokwenza ezinye izinto, ezifana nezibambi zokubhala, izikhongozeli zeglasi zemihla ngemihla, njl.njl., ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwemathiriyeli kunye nokusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwemithombo.

(3) YazisaSiyasebenzisekaCukuqala: Khuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bakhethe iindlela zokusetyenziswa ezizinzileyo, ezinjengokukhetha iibhotile ze-scintillation ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezilahlwayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki elahlwayo, ukukhuthaza uqoqosho lwesetyhula kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

Ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo nokusebenzisa inkcitho yeebhotile ze-scintillation, ukukhuthaza ukusebenziseka kwazo kwakhona kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunokunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga kokusingqongileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwakhona kwemithombo yobutyebi.

Ⅴ. I-Technology Innovation

• Uphuhliso Lwezinto Ezintsha

▶ BiodegradableMi-aterial

(1)UzinzoMizixhobo: Ukuphendula kwimpembelelo embi yokusingqongileyo eyenziwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa imathiriyeli yeebhotile ze-scintillation, uphuhliso lwemathiriyeli enokubola njengemveliso ekrwada ibe yinto ebalulekileyo. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezinokubola ngokuthe ngcembe zibe zizinto ezingenabungozi ebantwini nakwimekobume emva kobomi babo benkonzo, zinciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

(2)ImingeniFaced ngexeshaRkhangela kwayeDuphuhliso: Izinto eziguquguqukayo zeBioodegradable zinokujongana nemingeni ngokweempawu zoomatshini, uzinzo lweekhemikhali, kunye nolawulo lweendleko. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula ifomula kunye netekhnoloji yokusetyenzwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada ukomeleza ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli enokubola kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeemveliso eziveliswa kusetyenziswa izinto ezinokubola.

▶ IkrelekreleDesign

(1)UkudeMonitoring kunyeSi-ensorIumanyano: ngoncedo lwetekhnoloji ye-sensor ephuculweyo, ukuhlanganiswa kwenzwa ekrelekrele kunye nokubeka iliso kude kwi-Intanethi kudityaniswe ukuqonda ukubekwa kweliso kwexesha lokwenyani, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokufikelela kude kwedatha yeemeko zesampulu zokusingqongileyo. Le ndibaniselwano ekrelekrele iphucula ngokufanelekileyo inqanaba lokuzenzekelayo leemvavanyo, kunye nabasebenzi benzululwazi kunye nethekhinoloji banokubeka iliso kwinkqubo yovavanyo kunye neziphumo zedatha yexesha langempela nanini na naphi na ngezixhobo eziphathwayo okanye amaqonga esixhobo senethiwekhi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuguquguquka kwemisebenzi yovavanyo, kunye nokuchaneka. yeziphumo zovavanyo.

(2)IdathaAuhlahlelo kunyeFeedback: Ngokusekelwe kwidatha eqokelelwe zizixhobo ezihlakaniphile, phuhlisa i-algorithms yohlalutyo oluhlakaniphile kunye neemodeli, kwaye wenze inkqubo yexesha langempela kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha. Ngokuhlalutya ngobukrelekrele idatha yovavanyo, abaphandi banokufumana kwangexesha iziphumo zovavanyo, benze uhlengahlengiso oluhambelanayo kunye nengxelo, kwaye bakhawulezise inkqubela yophando.

Ngokuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokudityaniswa noyilo olukrelekrele, iibhotile ze-scintillation zinentengiso ebanzi yesicelo kunye nemisebenzi, ngokuqhubekayo ukukhuthaza ukuzenzekelayo, ubukrelekrele kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lomsebenzi welebhu.

• Ukuzenzekela kunyeDigitization

▶ IyazenzekelaSngokwaneleyoPukujikeleza

(1)Ukuzenzekela kweSngokwaneleyoPukujikelezaPirowusi: Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iibhotile ze-scintillation kunye nokusetyenzwa kweesampulu, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo ziyaziswa, ezifana nezilayishi zesampula ezizenzekelayo, iindawo zokusebenzela zokulungisa ulwelo, njl., ukufezekisa i-automation yenkqubo yokucubungula isampuli. Ezi zixhobo zizenzekelayo zinokuphelisa imisebenzi edinayo yokulayishwa kwesampulu ngesandla, ukuchithwa, ukuxuba, kunye nokunciphisa, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kweemvavanyo kunye nokuhambelana kwedatha yovavanyo.

(2)IyazenzekelaSukukhulisaSinkqubo: ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokusampula ngokuzenzekelayo, inokufezekisa ukuqokelela okuzenzekelayo kunye nokucubungula iisampulu, ngokunciphisa iimpazamo zokusebenza ngesandla kunye nokuphucula isantya sokucubungula isampuli kunye nokuchaneka. Le nkqubo yesampulu ezenzekelayo ingasetyenziswa kwiindidi zesampulu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zovavanyo, ezinje ngohlalutyo lweekhemikhali, uphando lwebhayoloji, njl.

▶ IdathaMulawulo kunyeAuhlahlelo

(1)Ukwenziwa kweDigitization kweDatha yoMfuniselo: Yenza ukugcinwa kunye nokulawulwa kwedatha yovavanyo, kwaye useke inkqubo yolawulo lwedatha yedijithali edibeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa iNkqubo yoLawulo lweeNkcukacha zeLabhoratri (i-LIMS) okanye isoftware yovavanyo lwedatha, ukurekhoda ngokuzenzekelayo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokufunyanwa kwedatha yovavanyo kunokufezekiswa, ukuphucula ukulandelwa kwedatha kunye nokhuseleko.

(2)Ukusetyenziswa kweZixhobo zoHlalutyo lweDatha: Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlalutya idatha kunye ne-algorithms efana nokufunda komatshini, i-intelligence yokwenziwa, njl njl ukwenza imigodi enzulu kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha yovavanyo. Ezi zixhobo zokuhlalutya idatha zinokunceda ngokufanelekileyo abaphandi bahlolisise kwaye bafumanise ukuhambelana kunye nokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwedatha eyahlukeneyo, bakhuphe ulwazi oluxabisekileyo olufihliweyo phakathi kwedatha, ukwenzela ukuba abaphandi banokuphakamisa ukuqonda omnye komnye kwaye ekugqibeleni bafezekise iziphumo zokucinga.

(3)Ukubonwa kweZiphumo zoMfuniselo: Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokubona idatha, iziphumo zovavanyo zinokubonakaliswa ngendlela echanekileyo ngendlela yeetshathi, imifanekiso, njl.njl., ngaloo ndlela inceda abavavanyi baqonde ngokukhawuleza kwaye bahlalutye intsingiselo kunye neendlela zovavanyo lwedatha. Oku kunceda abaphandi benzululwazi ukuba baqonde ngcono iziphumo zovavanyo kwaye benze izigqibo ezihambelanayo kunye nohlengahlengiso.

Ngokusetyenzwa kwesampulu ezenzekelayo kunye nolawulo lwedatha yedijithali kunye nohlalutyo, umsebenzi osebenzayo, onengqondo, kunye nolwazi olusekelwe kwilebhu inokufezekiswa, ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka kweemvavanyo, kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubela phambili kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zophando lwezenzululwazi.

Ⅵ. Ukhuseleko kunye neMimiselo

• I-radioactiveMi-aterialHkwaye

▶ IkhuselekileOi-perationGuide

(1)Imfundo noQeqesho: Ukubonelela ngemfundo yokhuseleko olusebenzayo noluyimfuneko kuye wonke umsebenzi waselabhoratri, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezikhuselekileyo zokubekwa kwezixhobo ze-radioactive, amanyathelo okuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa kukho iingozi, umbutho wokhuseleko kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zelabhoratri yemihla ngemihla, njl. ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi nabanye bayayiqonda, bayayiqhela, kwaye babambelela ngokungqongqo kwizikhokelo zokusebenza zokhuseleko lwaselabhoratri.

(2)OkomntuPekhuselayoEizixhobo: Xhobisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela elabhoratri, njengempahla yokhuselo yaselabhoratri, iiglavu, iiglasi, njl. njl., ukukhusela abasebenzi baselabhoratri kubungozi obunokuthi bubangelwe zizixhobo zokusasazeka ngemitha.

(3)UkuthobelaOukupeyintaPiinkqubo: Ukuseka iinkqubo zovavanyo ezisemgangathweni kunye nezingqongqo kunye neenkqubo, kubandakanywa ukuphathwa kwesampuli, iindlela zokulinganisa, ukusebenza kwezixhobo, njl., Ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokuthobelayo kunye nokuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwezinto ezineempawu ze-radioactive.

▶ InkunkumaDukuthunyelwaRimithetho

(1)Ukuhlelwa kunye nokuFakwa kweelebhile: Ngokuhambelana nemithetho yebhubhoratri efanelekileyo, imimiselo, kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo, inkunkuma ye-radioactive materials ihlelwa kwaye ibhalwe ukucacisa inqanaba labo le-radioactivity kunye neemfuno zokucubungula, ukwenzela ukubonelela ngokhuseleko lobomi kubasebenzi baselabhoratri kunye nabanye.

(2)Ugcino Lwexeshana: Kwimathiriyeli yesampulu yeradioactive kwilabhoratri enokuvelisa inkunkuma, ugcino lwexeshana olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanyathelo kufuneka kuthathwe ngokweempawu zabo kunye nomgangatho wobungozi. Amanyathelo okukhusela akhethekileyo kufuneka athathwe kwiisampuli zebhubhoratri ukuthintela ukuvuza kwezinto ze-radioactive kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba azibangeli umonakalo kwindawo engqongileyo kunye nabasebenzi.

(3)Ukulahlwa kweNkunkuma ngokuKhuselekileyo: Ukuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ulahle izinto ezilahliweyo zokusasazeka ngokuhambelana nemigaqo nemigangatho efanelekileyo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yasebhubhoratri. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuthumela izinto ezilahliweyo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zokucocwa kwenkunkuma okanye iindawo zokulahlwa, okanye ukugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma eqhumayo.

Ngokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwizikhokelo zokusebenza zokhuseleko lwaselabhoratri kunye neendlela zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, abasebenzi baselabhoratri kunye nendalo esingqongileyo banokukhuselwa kakhulu kungcoliseko lweradioactive, kwaye ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa komsebenzi welebhu kunokuqinisekiswa.

• Li-laboratorySafety

▶ IfanelekileRimithetho kunyeLi-laboratorySimigangatho

(1)IMithetho yoLawulo lweMithombo yeRadioactive: Iilabhoratri kufuneka zithobele ngokungqongqo iindlela ezifanelekileyo zolawulo lwezixhobo zeradioactive kunye nemigangatho, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwimimiselo yokuthenga, ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulahlwa kweisampulu zeradioactive.

(2)Imigaqo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweLabhoratri: Ngokusekelwe kubume kunye nobukhulu belabhoratri, qulunqa kwaye uphumeze iinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezithobela imimiselo yolawulo lokhuseleko lwebhubhoratri yelizwe kunye nommandla, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nempilo yomzimba yabasebenzi baselabhoratri.

(3) IkhemikhaliRiskMulawuloRimithetho: Ukuba ilabhoratri ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi, imimiselo yolawulo lweekhemikhali efanelekileyo kunye nemigangatho yokusetyenziswa kufuneka ilandelwe ngokungqongqo, kubandakanywa neemfuno zokuthengwa, ukugcinwa, ukusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo kunye nomthetho, kunye neendlela zokulahla imichiza.

▶ UmngciphekoAuvavanyo kunyeMulawulo

(1)RhoqoRiskIukuhlolwa kunyeRiskAuvavanyoPiinkqubo: Phambi kokwenza uvavanyo lomngcipheko, imingcipheko eyahlukeneyo enokubakho kumanqanaba okuqala, aphakathi, nasemva koko kufuneka ivavanywe, kubandakanywa imingcipheko enxulumene neesampulu zemichiza ngokwazo, imathiriyeli yeradioactive, iingozi zebhayoloji, njl. njl., ukuze kumiselwe kwaye kuthathwe. amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukunciphisa imingcipheko. Uvavanyo lomngcipheko kunye nokuhlolwa kokhuseleko lwebhubhoratri kufuneka luqhutywe rhoqo ukuze kuchongwe kwaye kulungiswe iingozi kunye neengxaki zokhuseleko ezinokubakho kunye neengxaki, ukuhlaziya iinkqubo eziyimfuneko zokulawula ukhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zovavanyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokhuseleko lomsebenzi welabhoratri.

(2)UmngciphekoMulawuloMiindawo ezilula: Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lomngcipheko, ukuphuhlisa, ukuphucula, kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okulawula umngcipheko ohambelanayo, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela zomntu, imilinganiselo ye-laboratory ventilation, amanyathelo olawulo olungxamisekileyo lwebhubhoratri, izicwangciso zokusabela kwingozi, njl., ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza ngexesha. inkqubo yovavanyo.

Ngokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwimithetho efanelekileyo, imimiselo, kunye nemigangatho yokufikelela kwilabhoratri, ukwenza uvavanyo olubanzi lomngcipheko kunye nolawulo lwebhubhoratri, kunye nokubonelela ngemfundo yokhuseleko kunye noqeqesho kubasebenzi basebhubhoratri, sinokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa komsebenzi waselebhu kangangoko sinakho. , khusela impilo yabasebenzi baselabhoratri, kwaye unciphise okanye ude uphephe ukungcoliseka kwendalo.

Ⅶ. Ukuqukumbela

Kwiilabhoratri okanye ezinye iindawo ezifuna ukhuseleko olungqongqo lwesampulu, iibhotile ze-scintillation sisixhobo esiyimfuneko, kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kunye nokwahluka kwimifuniselo ar.e-zibonakalisent. Njengenye yeengundoqoIzikhongozeli zokulinganisa ii-isotopi ezine-radioactive, iibhotile ze-scintillation zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi, kushishino lwamayeza, ekujongweni kokusingqongileyo, nakwezinye iinkalo. Ukusuka kwi-radioactiveUmlinganiselo we-isotope ekuhlolweni kweziyobisi, ukulandelelana kwe-DNA kunye nezinye iimeko zesicelo,ukuguquguquka kweebhotile ze-scintillation kwenza ukuba ibe yenye yeizixhobo ezibalulekileyo elabhoratri.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lubalulekile ekusetyenzisweni kweebhotile ze-scintillation. Ukususela ekukhethweni kwezinto ukuya kuyiloiimpawu, kwakunye ingqwalasela kwimveliso, ukusetyenziswa, kunye neenkqubo zokulahla, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo kwizinto ezisingqongileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa, kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokulawulwa kwenkunkuma. Kuphela ngokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokhuseleko sinokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indima esebenzayo yeebhotile ze-scintillation, ngelixa sikhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokukhusela impilo yabantu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphuhliswa kweebhotile ze-scintillation kujongene nemingeni kunye namathuba. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji, sinokubona kwangaphambili ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezintsha, ukusetyenziswa koyilo olukrelekrele kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuthandwa kwe-automation kunye ne-digitization, eya kuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweebhotile ze-scintillation. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sijongane nemingeni ekuzinzeni nasekukhuseleni, njengokuphuhliswa kwezinto eziphilayo, uphuhliso, ukuphuculwa, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezikhokelo zokusebenza zokhuseleko. Kuphela ngokunqoba kunye nokuphendula ngokusebenzayo kwimingeni sinokufikelela ekuphuhliseni uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweebhotile ze-scintillation kuphando lwezesayensi kunye nezicelo zoshishino, kwaye senze igalelo elikhulu kwinkqubela phambili yoluntu.