Kuphando lwenzululwazi yanamhlanje kunye neelebhu zokuhlalutya, ukuzinza kube sisihloko esibalulekileyo esingenakunakwa. Ngokukhula kwemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokugxilwa kwehlabathi ekuqhubekeni luhlaza, amashishini akhangela iindlela zokunciphisa inkunkuma yemithombo kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo esingqongileyo.

Iingqayi zeScantillation, njengezinto ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiilabhoratri, zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kugcino lwesampulu yeradioactive kunye nohlalutyo lokubala lokubala kolwelo.Ezi zitya ze-scintillation zihlala zenziwe ngeglasi okanye iplastiki kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi zisetyenziswa kanye. Nangona kunjalo, esi senzo sivelisa isixa esikhulu senkunkuma yaselabhoratri kwaye sinyusa iindleko zokusebenza.

Ke ngoko, kuye kwabaluleke kakhulu ukuphonononga iinketho zokuphinda zisebenziseke ii-vials ze-scintillation.

Iingxaki ngeeNgqonyelo zeSintu zeScintillation

Ngaphandle kwendima ebalulekileyo yophando lwelabhoratri ye-scintillation, imodeli yabo yokusetyenziswa kanye ibeka imiba emininzi yokusingqongileyo kunye nemithombo. Oku kulandelayo yimiceli mngeni ephambili eyayanyaniswa nokusetyenziswa kweengqayi zesiNtu zokuhlanjululwa:

1. Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusetyenziswa kanye

• Ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma: IiLebhu zisebenzisa inani elikhulu leengqayi ze-scintillation yonke imihla kwiindawo ezibandakanya iisampulu ze-radioactive, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali okanye uphando lwebhayoloji, kwaye ezi zitya zihlala zilahlwa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokusetyenziswa, okukhokelela ekuqokeleleni ngokukhawuleza kwenkunkuma yebhubhoratri.
• Ingxaki yosulelo: Kuba iibhotile zescintillation zinokuqulatha imathiriyeli yokusasazeka kwemitha, iirejenti zekhemikhali okanye iisampulu zebhayoloji, amazwe amaninzi afuna ukuba ezi bhotile zilahliweyo zilahlwe phantsi kweenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zenkunkuma eyingozi.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zeglasi kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki

• Iindleko zokuvelisa iibhotile zeglasi scintillation: iglasi yinto ephezulu yokuvelisa amandla, inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ibandakanya ukunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu kwaye idla amandla amaninzi. Ukongeza, ubunzima obukhulu beglasi bonyusa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngexesha lokuhamba.
• Iindleko zokusingqongileyo zeplastiki ze-scintillation vials: Iilabhoratri ezininzi zisebenzisa i-scintillation vials ezenziwe ngeplastiki, ezixhomekeke kwimithombo yepetroleum ukuveliswa kwazo, kunye neeplastiki ezinomjikelo wokubola omde kakhulu, nto leyo engumthwalo ngakumbi kwindalo esingqongileyo.

3. Imiceli mngeni yokulahlwa nokurisayikilisha

• Ubunzima ekuhleleni nasekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha: Iingqayi ezisetyenzisiweyo zescintillation zihlala zinentsalela yeradioactivity okanye iikhemikhali ezenza kube nzima ukuphinda zisetyenziswe ngenkqubo exutyiweyo yokurisayikilisha.
• Iindleko eziphezulu zokuLahla: Ngenxa yeemfuneko zokhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa, iilabhoratri ezininzi kufuneka zize kwinkampani ekhethekileyo yokulahla inkunkuma enobungozi ukulahla ezi bhotile zilahliweyo, ezinganyusi nje iindleko zokusebenza kodwa zibeke umthwalo owongezelelekileyo kokusingqongileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemodeli enye yeebhotile ze-scintillation zendabuko kubeka uxinzelelo kwindalo kunye nemithombo ngeendlela ezininzi. Ke ngoko, ukuphonononga ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kubalulekile ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yaselabhoratri, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula uzinzo.

Ukufuna iiNgqonyelo zokuHlaziya eziReusable Scintillation

Kwiinzame zokunciphisa inkunkuma yaselabhoratri, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, uluntu lwezenzululwazi luphonononga iindlela ezinokuphinda zisebenziseke ii-scintillation vials. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuyilweni kwezinto ezintsha, ukucoca kunye neendlela zokuvala inzala, kunye nokuphucula inkqubo yebhubhoratri.

1. Izinto ezintsha ezintsha

Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo esomeleleyo sisitshixo sokuphinda sisebenziseke ii-vials ze-scintillation.

• Iglasi eyomelele ngakumbi okanye iplastiki enamandla kakhulu: Iingqayi zeglasi ze-scintillation eziqhelekileyo zibuthathaka, kwaye iibhotile zeplastiki ze-scintillation zinokonakala ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali. Ngoko ke, ukuphuhliswa kwempembelelo engaphezulu kunye nezinto ezichasene neekhemikhali, njengeglasi ye-borosilicate okanye iiplastiki ezinobunjineli, kunokuphucula ubomi benkonzo yeebhotile zeglasi.
• Izinto ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokuhlanjwa okuninzi kunye nokuvala inzala: Izinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zixhathise ukushisa okuphezulu, i-acids eqinile kunye ne-alkalis, kunye nokuguga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba zihlala zizinzile ngokomzimba nangokwekhemikhali emva kwemijikelezo emininzi yokusetyenziswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo lwe-sterilization okanye ukucocwa okunamandla kwe-oxidative kunokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakhona.

2. Ukucoca kunye neteknoloji yokuvala inzala

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwee-vials ze-scintillation eziphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha yovavanyo, ukucoca okusebenzayo kunye nobuchule bokwenza inzala kufuneka kusetyenziswe.

• Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokucoca ezizenzekelayo: IiLabhoratri zinokuzisa ii-vials ezikhethekileyo iinkqubo zokucoca ezizenzekelayo ngokudibanisa nokucoca i-ultrasonic, ubushushu obuphezulu bokucoca ngamanzi okanye ukucocwa kwe-reagent yeekhemikhali ukususa iintsalela zesampulu.
• Ukucoca imichiza: umzekelo ukusebenzisa izisombululo ze-acid-base, i-oxidizing agents okanye i-enzyme solutions, ifanelekile ukunyibilikisa i-organic matter okanye ukususa ukungcola okunenkani, kodwa kunokubakho umngcipheko weentsalela zeekhemikhali.
• Ukucoca ngokomzimba: umzekelo i-ultrasonic, i-autoclave sterilization, eyanciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ze-reagents kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ifanelekile kwiindawo zebhubhoratri ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokungcola.
• Uphando lweteknoloji yokucoca intsalela: kwiisampulu ze-radioactive okanye iimvavanyo ezichaneke kakhulu, uphando kwitekhnoloji yokuphelisa iintsholongwane esebenzayo (umzekelo, ukucocwa kweplasma, ukuthotywa kwefotocatalytic) kunokuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweevials.

3. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yeLabhoratri

Iingqayi ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona zizodwa azanelanga ukufikelela kwiinjongo zozinzo, kwaye iilabhoratri kufuneka zongeze iinkqubo zazo zokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

• Yamkela inkqubo yokurisayikilisha esemgangathweni kunye nokuphinda usebenzise inkqubo: Phuhlisa inkqubo yelebhu yokulawula ukurisayikilishwa, ukuhlela, ukucocwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweengqayi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi onzima uyahlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha kunye nothintelo kunye nolawulo longcoliseko olunqamlezayo: iilabhoratri kufuneka ziseke inkqubo yokulawula umgangatho ukuphepha impembelelo yokungcola kwee-vials kwidatha yovavanyo, njengokusetyenziswa kweekhowudi zebha okanye i-RFID yokulawula ukulandelela.
• Uhlalutyo olunokwenzeka lwezoqoqosho: Vavanya utyalo-mali lokuqala (umzekelo, ukuthengwa kwezixhobo, iindleko zokucoca) kunye neenzuzo zexesha elide (umz., ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zokuthenga, ukucutha iindleko zokulahla inkunkuma) yenkqubo yeengqayi ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba inoqoqosho.

Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha, ukulungiswa kokucoca kunye nobuchule bokwenza inzala, kunye nolawulo lwebhubhoratri esemgangathweni, izisombululo ze-scintillation vials zisebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni inkunkuma yasebhubhoratri, ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwebhubhoratri. Olu phononongo luya kubonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo lweelebhu zohlaza kwixesha elizayo.

Uqheliselo Oluphumelelayo

1. Uhlalutyo lweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo nezoqoqosho

• Iinzuzo zokusingqongileyo: Ukusetyenziswa okucuthiweyo kweeplastiki ezisetyenziselwa enye kunye neglasi, ukuthoba indawo yekhabhoni yelabhu. Iindleko eziphantsi zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kunye nezibonelelo zokutshisa. Ukuncitshiswa kokuveliswa kwenkunkuma enobungozi (umzekelo, izingcolisi zemitha okanye iikhemikhali) nokwanda kokuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo kwiilabhoratri.
• Iinzuzo zoqoqosho: Nangona utyalo-mali lwangaphambili kwizixhobo zokucoca kunye neenkqubo zokulawula eziphuculweyo, iindleko zokuthengwa kwebhubhoratri zingancitshiswa nge-40-60% kwixesha elide. Ukucuthwa kweendleko zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, ingakumbi kulawulo olulodwa lwenkunkuma enobungozi. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuvavanya ngokunyusa ulawulo lwebhubhoratri.
• ISO14001 (Inkqubo yoLawulo lokusiNgqongileyo): Iilabhoratri ezininzi zihambela phambili ekuthobeleni umgangatho we-ISO14001, okhuthaza ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma yaselabhoratri kunye nokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi. Inkqubo yeengqayi ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona ihlangabezana neemfuno zalo mba wenkqubo yolawulo.
• I-GMP (Uqheliselo oluLungileyo lokuVelisa) kunye ne-GLP (Uqheliselo oluLungileyo lwaseLabhoratri): Kwishishini lamachiza nakwiilabhoratri zophando, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwayo nayiphi na into etyiwayo kufuneka ihambelane nokucoca okungqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekisa. Iingqayi ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona zihlangabezana nezi mfuno zolawulo lomgangatho ngokucocwa kwenzululwazi kunye neenkqubo zokuvala inzala, kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela idatha.
• Imigaqo yoLawulo lweNkunkuma eyiNgozi yeSizwe: Amazwe amaninzi aqalise imimiselo engqongqo yenkunkuma yebhubhoratri, njenge-RCRA (uMthetho woLondolozo kunye noBuyiselo) e-US kunye neSikhokelo seSikhokelo seNkunkuma (2008/98/EC) kwi-EU, ekhuthaza ukucuthwa kwenkunkuma enobungozi, kunye neprogram ye-vials ephinda isetyenziswe ihambelana nalo mkhwa.

Inkqubo ephinda isetyenziswe i-scintillation vials ibe nefuthe elihle kukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lweendleko zoqoqosho, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwelabhoratri. Ukongeza, ukuxhaswa kwemigangatho yoshishino olufanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo inika isikhokelo kunye nokhuseleko lophuhliso lovavanyo oluzinzileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kunye neelabhoratri ezininzi ezijoyinayo, lo mkhwa kulindeleke ukuba ube yinto entsha yesiqhelo kwishishini lebhubhoratri.

Amathemba kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo

Inkqubo ye-scintillation vials ephinda isetyenziswe ilindeleke ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njengengqikelelo yozinzo kwilabhoratri. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imingeni yobugcisa, inkcubeko kunye nolawulo ekuphunyezweni. Izalathiso zexesha elizayo ziya kugxila kwizinto ezintsha, ukuqhubela phambili ekucoceni kunye nobuchwepheshe obuzenzekelayo, kunye nokuphuculwa kolawulo lwebhubhoratri kunye nemigangatho yoshishino.

1. Izalathiso zophuculo lobuchwepheshe

Ukuphucula ukwenzeka kweengqayi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, uphando lwexesha elizayo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji luya kujolisa kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Ukuphuculwa kwezinto: Phuhlisa iglasi ehlala ixesha elide okanye iiplastiki zobunjineli, ezifana neglasi ephezulu yokuchukumisa i-silicate, ubushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-PFA enganyangekiyo ngamachiza (i-fluoroplastic), njl., Ukuphucula ubomi benkonzo obuphindaphindwayo beebhotile.
• ITekhnoloji yokuCoca ngokuLungileyo kunye nokuNzala: Kwixesha elizayo, izinto zokugquma i-nano-coating zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-vials lungaphezulu kwe-hydrophobic okanye i-oleophobic ukunciphisa i-residu yokungcola. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yenoveli efana nokucoca iplasma, ukuthotywa kwefotocatalytic, kunye nokucoca ulwelo oluphezulu kunokusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokucoca ilebhu.
• Ukucoca ngokuzenzekelayo kunye neenkqubo zokulandelela: Iilabhoratri zexesha elizayo zinokusebenzisa iinkqubo zolawulo ezikrelekrele, ezifana neenkqubo zokucoca iirobhothi, imigca yokuvala inzala ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokubandakanya i-RFID okanye ikhowudi yokulandelela i-QR ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-vial nganye, ukucocwa kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho kunokujongwa ngexesha langempela.

2. Inkcubeko yaseLabhoratri kunye nemiba yokwamkelwa

Ngelixa ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kwenze izisombululo ze-scintillation vials ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, utshintsho kwinkcubeko yaselabhoratri kunye nemikhwa yokusetyenziswa ihlala ingumngeni:

• Uhlengahlengiso lwabasebenzi baseLebhu: abasebenzi baselabhoratri banokukhetha ukusebenzisa izinto ezityiwayo kwaye banenkxalabo yokuba ukusebenzisa kwakhona iibhotile zeglasi kunokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo okanye ukwandisa umsebenzi. Uqeqesho lwexesha elizayo kunye nokubekwa emgangathweni kwemisebenzi kuya kufuneka ukuphucula ukwamkelwa.
• Ukuthembeka kwedatha kunye neenkxalabo zongcoliseko olunqamlezayo: Abasebenzi beLabhoratri banokukhathazeka ukuba i-scintillation vials esetyenziswe kwakhona ingakhokelela ekungcolisekeni kwesampuli okanye ichaphazele ukuchaneka kwedatha. Ke ngoko, ukucocwa okungqongqo, ukuvala inzala, kunye neenkqubo zokuqinisekisa kufuneka kumiselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho uthelekiseka naleyo yeengqayi ezilahlwayo ze-scintillation.
• Iindleko kunye neMbuyiselo kwiiNgqwalasela zoTyalo-mali: Iilabhoratri ezininzi zinokuxhalaba malunga neendleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali lwangaphambili, kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka zibonelele ngengxelo enokwenzeka yezoqoqosho ebonisa iingenelo zokongiwa kweendleko zexesha elide ukuze kwandiswe ukwamkelwa kulawulo lwebhubhoratri.

3. Uphuculo olongezelelweyo lwemigangatho yolawulo neyokhuseleko

Okwangoku, ulawulo olusemgangathweni lwezinto ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwilabhoratri lusekwinqanaba lokuqala, kwaye imigaqo yexesha elizayo kunye nemigangatho yoshishino iya kuphuhliswa ngendlela engqongqo ngakumbi kwaye iphuculwe:
Ukusekwa kwemigangatho yomgangatho we-scintillation vials eziphinda zisetyenziswe: Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe okanye yoshishino kufuneka iphuhliswe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

• Ukuthotyelwa kweelebhu kunye neemfuno zolawulo: Kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu zokhuseleko, ezifana namayeza, uvavanyo lokutya, kunye novavanyo lwe-radiological, ii-arhente ezilawulayo zingadinga ukucacisa ububanzi besicelo, iimfuno zokucoca, kunye neemfuno zokuthotyelwa kwee-vials eziphinda zisetyenziswe.
• Khuthaza isiqinisekiso selebhu eluhlaza: Kwixesha elizayo, oorhulumente okanye imibutho yoshishino inokuphumeza iinkqubo zesiqinisekiso selebhu eluhlaza ukukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwezisombululo zelebhu ezigcinakalayo ngokusingqongileyo, kubandakanywa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, ukunyusela ulawulo lwenkunkuma, kunye nokwandisa umyinge wezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

Ukuqukumbela

Kuphuhliso apho uzinzo lwelabhoratri luyinkxalabo ekhulayo, izisombululo zevial ​​eziphinda zisetyenziswe zibonakalise ukuba zinokwenzeka ngokobugcisa kwaye zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo, uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kwelabhoratri.

Ukuzinza kweLabhoratri ayingombandela nje wokunciphisa inkunkuma, kodwa kunye nokuqwalaselwa koxanduva kunye neenzuzo zexesha elide.

Kwixesha elizayo, iingqayi zescintillation eziphinda zisetyenziswe zilindeleke ukuba zibe zezona zikhethwayo kwishishini leelabhoratri njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuhambela phambili kunye nemigangatho yoshishino iyacokiswa. Ngokwamkela izicwangciso zolawulo lonikezelo kwiilebhu ezivumelana nokusingqongileyo ngakumbi, iilabhoratri aziyi kukwazi nje ukunciphisa ifuthe lazo lokusingqongileyo, kodwa ziya kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle nokuqhuba uphando kunye noshishino ngendlela ezinzileyo.