Intshayelelo

Njengoko ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lusiba yingxaki enkulu ngakumbi, uvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi luye lwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukhuseleko lwempilo yoluntu kunye nemithetho yemizi-mveliso. Nokuba kukuvavanywa kwamanzi okusela, ukujonga ukukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso, okanye uvavanyo lwendalo lwemilambo namachibi, idatha yohlalutyo lomgangatho wamanzi echanekileyo sisiseko sokwenza izigqibo zesayensi kunye nolawulo lokuthobela imithetho.

Njengenyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokuvavanya umgangatho wamanzi, ukuchaneka kokuqokelelwa kweesampuli kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yonke yokuvavanya.Iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA, njengoko izikhongozeli zokuthwala iisampulu, nangona zincinci ngobukhulu kwaye zibonakala zilula, zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu azingcoliswanga, azisabela, kwaye zigcinwa ngokuzinzileyo.Ukuba ukhetho alufanelekanga, aluyi kukhokelela ekugqwethweni kwedatha yovavanyo kuphela, kwaye lunokubangela nokuba kwenziwe iisampulu eziphindaphindiweyo, kulibazise inkqubela yomsebenzi kwaye lonyuse iindleko.

Inkcazo kunye noHlelo lweeVials zoHlalutyo lwaManzi ze-EPA

Iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA zizikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo zokuthatha iisampulu ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EPA yokuthatha iisampulu kunye nohlalutyo kwaye zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuqokelela nokugcina iisampuli zamanzi ukuze kuvavanywe elebhu elandelayo. Ezi bhotile zenzelwe izinto ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo, iimfuno zokugcinwa, kunye neempawu zezinto ukuze kuncitshiswe ungcoliseko, ukuwohloka, okanye utshintsho lokwakheka ngexesha lokuthuthwa nokugcinwa, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kweziphumo zohlalutyo.

Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yazo, iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA zahlulwe ngokubanzi zibe zezi zilandelayo:

1. Iibhotile zeglasi

• Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuqokelela izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo kuba ayisebenzi, ayifunxi lula izinto ezijolisiweyo, kwaye inokumelana nokubulala iintsholongwane kubushushu obuphezulu. Ihlala ixhotyiswe ngezikrufu kunye neegasket ze-PTFE/silicone ukuphucula ukutywinwa kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali.

2. Iibhotile zePolyethylene

• Kuquka i-polyethylene enoxinano oluphezulu kunye nezinto ze-polyethylene ezinoxinano oluphantsi, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthatheni iisampulu zamanqanaba amahlanu ezingcolisi ezifana nee-ion zesinyithi, iityuwa zesondlo, ii-anion kunye nee-cation. Ezi bhotile azinampembelelo kwaye zilula, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke ukuthwalwa kwindawo kwaye zisetyenziswe ngobuninzi.

3. Iibhotile ze-amber

• Inomsebenzi omhle wokugquma kwaye isetyenziselwa ngokukodwa ukuhlalutya izinto ezibuthathaka ekukhanyeni, ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo iimpembelelo zeekhemikhali ezibangelwa yi-UV okanye ukubola.

4. Iibhotile ezifakwe iTeflon

• Ifanelekile kuhlalutyo oluchanekileyo nolukumgangatho ophantsi, olufana nokuqokelelwa kweentsimbi ezinzima okanye iisampulu ezirhabaxa kakhulu. I-PTFE inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kweekhemikhali kunye nokungangeni kakuhle, kwaye ayisayi kusabela phantse kuyo nayiphi na into, kodwa ibiza kakhulu.

Izinto nganye zeebhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA zinomlinganiselo wayo othile wokusetyenziswa, ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto zovavanyo, iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali zomntu ekujoliswe kuye, kunye nonyango lwangaphambi konyango ukuze luhambelane nohlobo olufanelekileyo lwebhotile kunye neemeko zangaphambi konyango. Ukuba isitya asikhethwanga ngokuchanekileyo, sinokuphazamisana nedatha yovavanyo, okanye sikhokelele kwinkunkuma yesampulu okanye sifune ukuqokelelwa kwakhona, nto leyo echaphazela yonke inkqubo yeprojekthi.

Izinto Eziphambili Ekukhetheni Iibhotile Zohlalutyo Lwamanzi ze-EPA

Kuvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi, ukukhetha iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni iziphumo ezichanekileyo.

1. Uhlobo lwento yovavanyo

Izinto ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo zihambelana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha iisampulu, ngoko ke inyathelo lokuqala ekukhetheni iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA kukuchaza izinto zovavanyo:

• Ukufunyanwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo: ezifana neekhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo, iikhompawundi ze-organic eziguquguqukayo kancinci, njl.njl., kufuneka zisebenzise iibhotile zeglasi. Izinto zeglasi zithintela ngokufanelekileyo ukufunxwa kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto ze-organic, kwaye kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukongeza i-asidi kwangaphambili ukuthintela umsebenzi weentsholongwane kunye nokuthintela ukuwohloka kwento ekujoliswe kuyo.
• Ukufunyanwa kwesinyithi esinzima: ezifana ne-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium kunye nezinye izinto zesinyithi ezilandelelanayo, kufuneka zisebenzise iibhotile ze-polyethylene ezinoxinano oluphezulu, ngenxa yokuba aziphazamisi imvelaphi yesinyithi, azikwazi ukufunxa ii-ion zesinyithi, kwaye zizinzile kakuhle kwiikhemikhali.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Microbiological: njengeebhaktheriya ze-coliform, inani elipheleleyo leekholoni, njl.njl., kufuneka kusetyenziswe iibhotile zeplastiki ezingenazintsholongwane, ezilahlwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo i-PET okanye i-polypropylene, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisampulu azingcoliswanga ngaphambi kokuba zithuthwe.

2. Ukukhetha izinto

Iimpawu zezinto ezahlukeneyo zineempawu zazo kwaye zichaphazela idatha yovavanyo ngokwahlukileyo:

• Iibhotile zeglasi: ayimelani nobushushu obuphezulu, ayinakhemikhali, ayilulanga ukusabela kwizinto eziphilayo, ilungelelaniswe nohlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bukhulu, kulula ukubuqhekeza, uthutho kufuneka luqaphele.
• Iibhotile zeplastiki (i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, njl.njl.): ilula, ayilula ukuyiqhekeza, ifanelekile kuhlalutyo oluninzi lwe-inorganic. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiplastiki zinokufunxa ungcoliseko lwezinto eziphilayo okanye zikhuphe ukungcola okungasemva, azifanelekanga kuhlalutyo lwezinto eziphilayo.

3. Ingaba kuyimfuneko na ukucubungula kwangaphambili

Iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA zihlala zifuna ukuzaliswa kwangaphambili ngezithinteli okanye unyango ukuze kugcinwe uzinzo lwesampuli:

• Izithinteli eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-HCI, i-HNO₃, kunye ne-NaOH.
• Unyango lwangaphambi kokuba luqale: lunokunciphisa utshintsho, kodwa lufuna utyando oluqhelekileyo kunye neemeko ezithile zalapho.
• Unyango lwangaphambi kwelebhu: ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo, kodwa kufuna iimeko zokugcina isampuli eziphezulu kwaye kunokubangela utshintsho ngexesha lokuthuthwa.

4. Umbala webhotile

• Ibhotile emdaka: Isetyenziselwa ukuthabatha iisampulu zezinto ezibuthathaka ekukhanyeni, ezifana nezinye izibulali-zinambuzane, izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo, njl. Ingayithintela ngempumelelo imisebe ye-ultraviolet kwaye ilibazise ukubola kwesampulu.
• Ibhotile ecacileyo: ifanelekile kwiiprojekthi ezingenangxaki yokukhanya, kulula ukuyibona imibala yeesampuli zamanzi, ukufuma kunye nezinye iimpawu zomzimba, kodwa ayikhuthazwa ekufumaneni iikhompawundi ezinobuthathaka kwifoto.

5. Ukukhetha ivolumu

• Kufuneka isekelwe kwindlela yovavanyo. Iimfuno zelebhu kunye nesicwangciso seprojekthi ukukhetha umthamo webhotile. Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo zezi: 40ml, 125ml, 500ml, njl.
• Ezinye iiprojekthi zifuna ukuba kushiywe inani elithile "lendawo yomoya" ukuze kongezwe izinto ezivuselelayo okanye kuthintelwe ukubanda nokwanda; ngelixa ezinye iiprojekthi zifuna ukuba kungabikho sithuba sishiyekileyo kwaye ibhotile izaliswe ngokupheleleyo.

Imigangatho ye-EPA kunye neemfuno zoLawulo

Kuvavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi, izikhongozeli zokuthatha iisampulu aziyonxalenye nje yomsebenzi wovavanyo, kodwa zikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo olungqongqo lwemigangatho yokulawula, i-EPA (i-US Environmental Protection Agency) kwiindlela ezininzi zokuvavanya kwiibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ukuze kwenziwe amalungiselelo acacileyo ngohlobo lohlalutyo lwamanzi, izixhobo, kunye nokuphathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yohlalutyo yesayensi, ukuchaneka kunye nokuthotyelwa komthetho.

1. Imigangatho eqhelekileyo yokujonga umgangatho wamanzi ye-EPA kunye neemfuno zeebhotile zokuthatha iisampulu

Apha ngezantsi kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwe-EPA kunye neemfuno zazo ezithile zeebhotile zokuthatha iisampulu:

• I-EPA 524.2 (uvavanyo lwe-VOC): ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweebhotile zeglasi ezingenantloko ezingama-40 ml ezinee-PTFE/silicone sealing gaskets, kunye ne-hydrochloric acid eyongeziweyo kwibhotile njengesigcini. Ibhotile kufuneka izaliswe phezulu kungabikho maqamza omoya okanye imingxuma ukuthintela ii-VOC ukuba zingaphumi.
• I-EPA 200.8 (ukufunyanwa kwezinto zesinyithi yi-ICP-MS): Ukusetyenziswa okucetyiswayo kweebhotile zeplastiki zeHDPE, iibhotile kufuneka zongezwe kwi-nitric acid pre-acidification ukuthintela ukufunxwa kwesinyithi.
• Uthotho lwe-EPA 300 (uhlalutyo lwe-ion chromatography yee-anions kunye nee-cations): iibhotile zepolypropylene okanye zepolyethylene zingasetyenziswa ngaphandle kokongeza i-asidi, iibhotile kufuneka zicoceke kwaye zingabi na-ions ziphazamisayo.
• Uthotho lwe-EPA 1600 (uvavanyo lwe-microbiological): ifuna iibhotile zeplastiki ezingenazintsholongwane, ezilahlwayo, ezidla ngokusetyenziselwa ii-coliforms ezipheleleyo, i-enterococci kunye nezinye izalathisi, ibhotile ingongezwa kwinani elifanelekileyo le-sodium thiosulfate ukuze inciphise iintsalela ze-chlorine.

Umgangatho ngamnye unemigaqo engqongqo ngohlobo lwebhotile, umthamo, ubushushu bokugcina kunye nexesha lokugcina, kwaye ukungahoyi nayiphi na kwezi nkcukacha kunokubangela idatha engavumelekanga.

2. Iimfuno zenkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kwelabhoratri kwizikhongozeli zokuthatha iisampulu

Enyanisweni, iilabhoratri ezininzi zabantu besithathu zifuna uqinisekiso olukhethekileyo, olufana nolu:

• I-NELAC (INkomfa yeSizwe yoQinisekiso lweLebhu yokusiNgqongileyo): ifuna ngokucacileyo ukuba izikhongozeli zokuthatha iisampulu, iinkqubo zokuthatha iisampulu, kunye neendlela zokugcina zihambelane nemigangatho ye-EPA okanye yesizwe, kwaye uthotho olupheleleyo lweesampulu lubhalwe phantsi.
• I-ISO/IEC 17025 (Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo zoBuchule boVavanyo kunye neeLabhoratri zoLungiso): igxininisa ukulandeleka, ulawulo olusemgangathweni lwezixhobo zokuthatha iisampulu kunye neerekhodi zokusetyenziswa kwazo, kunye nokusekwa kwe-SOPs (iiNkqubo eziSebenzayo zokuSebenza) zokukhetha, ukucoca kunye nokugcina izikhongozeli.

Iilabhoratri eziphumelele ezi ziqinisekiso kufuneka zibe nenkqubo yolawulo olungqongqo lokuqokelelwa kweesampuli, kwaye ukukhethwa nokusetyenziswa kweebhotile zokuthatha iisampulu kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi ukuze kuhlolwe ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle.

3. Imiphumo ebonakalayo yemisebenzi yokuthobela imithetho

Ukukhetha iibhotile zovavanyo lwamanzi ezisemgangathweni ze-EPA ezifanelekileyo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo ngokungqongqo akupheleli nje ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zelebhu okanye zenkqubo, kodwa kukwanxulumene ngokuthe ngqo noku kulandelayo:

• Qinisekisa ukuba idatha yovavanyo iyasebenza ngokwesayensi nangokomthetho: iindlela zokuthatha iisampulu kunye neendlela zokugcina ezithobela umthetho zisisiseko sokujonga idatha ukuze iqatshelwe ngamasebe karhulumente, iinkundla okanye uluntu.
• Ukuphumelela uphononongo lweeprojekthi kunye nokuhlolwa komgangatho: Ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zovavanyo lwempembelelo kwindalo esingqongileyo, iimvume zokukhupha ukungcola, ukwamkelwa kwindalo esingqongileyo, njl.njl., ukusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni kweebhotile zokuthatha iisampulu kunokuthintela ukubuyiselwa okanye ukuvavanywa kwakhona ngenxa yokungathobeli imithetho.
• Ziphephe inkunkuma yesampulu kunye nomngcipheko wokuqokelelwa kwakhona: Nje ukuba isampulu ifunyaniswe ukuba ayisebenzi, kufuneka iqokelelwe kwakhona, nto leyo engapheleli nje ekulibaziseni inkqubela phambili, kodwa ikwanyusa neendleko zomsebenzi, izixhobo kunye nezothutho.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko ekusebenzeni koyilo

Nokuba iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA zikhethiwe ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-EPA, ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanelekanga ngexesha lokuthathwa kweesampuli, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthuthwa kusenokubangela ukungcola kwesampuli, ukonakala, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwedatha. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kuzo zonke iinkcukacha ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwesampuli kunye nokusebenza kweziphumo zovavanyo.

1. Ukujonga isitywino sesivalo

Ukutywinwa kwee-EPA water analysis vials kunxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokuba isampuli iya kuba buthathaka, ivuza, okanye isabela ngokufunxa umswakama ngexesha lokuphelelwa kwayo:

• Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe isampuli, kufuneka ujonge ukuba isiciko sihambelana kakuhle na nomlomo webhotile, kwaye ukuba kukho ukuguquka, ukwaphuka okanye ukuguga.
• Ukuze kufunyanwe iikhompawundi zendalo eziguquguqukayo kunye nezinye izinto ezinobuthathaka kakhulu, kubaluleke ngakumbi ukusebenzisa isiciko sokuvala esinemisonto esine-PTFE/silicone gasket, usiqinise uze emva koko ukhokelele ekuhlolweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza.
• Isigqubuthelo kufuneka siqiniswe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba kugqitywe ukuthatha isampuli ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvezwa ixesha elide.

2. Iindlela zokuphepha ukungcoliswa okusasazekayo

Naluphi na utyando olungacocekanga lunokungenisa ukuphazamiseka kwangasemva okunokuchaphazela inqanaba langasemva lesampuli, ingakumbi okubaluleke kakhulu kuhlalutyo lomkhondo okanye ukufunyanwa kweentsholongwane:

• Sebenzisa iiglavu ezilahlwayo kwingqokelela nganye yesampuli kwaye ubuyisele ibhotile ngaphambi kokuba uyidlale ukuze uthintele ukungcoliswa kwayo.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokuthatha iisampulu (umz., iintonga zokuthatha iisampulu, iimpompo zokuthatha iisampulu, njl.njl.) uze uzicoce okanye uzitshintshe ngokupheleleyo phakathi kweendawo zokuthatha iisampulu.
• Kwiisampulu ezifuna unyango lwangaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe kwindawo yazo, sebenzisa ii-pipettes okanye iibhotile ezicocekileyo ezizaliswe kwangaphambili ngezithinteli zokuthintela ukuvezwa emoyeni ixesha elide.

3. Iimfuno zokugcinwa kwesampulu kunye nokuthuthwa

Iisampulu zamanzi zinokutshintsha, ziwohloke okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle ukuba azigcinwanga okanye azithuthwanga kakuhle ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwazo ukuya kwixesha lohlalutyo lovavanyo:

• Ubushushu bokugcina: uninzi lweebhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA kufuneka zigcinwe phantsi kweemeko ezibandayo kwi-4℃, kwaye zihlala zithuthwa kwibhokisi efrijiweyo okanye kwiphakheji yomkhenkce; iisampulu ze-microbiological kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo kubushushu kwaye zihlalutywe kwiiyure ezi-6.
• Ixesha lokugcinaIzinto ezahlukeneyo zinamaxesha ahlukeneyo okugcina amanqanaba aphezulu, umz. iintsuku ezili-14 zee-VOC, iiyure ezingama-48 zeetyuwa zesondlo, kunye neenyanga ezi-6 zeesinyithi ezinzima (phantsi kweemeko zangaphambi kokuba i-acid ibe khona).
• Ukulebhelisha kwisikhongozeli: Ibhotile nganye yesampulu kufuneka ibhalwe ilebhile enenombolo yokufuduka ebonisa ixesha nendawo yokuthathwa kwesampulu, igama lento, kunye nendlela yokugcinwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukudideka kwesampulu.
• Iirekhodi zothutho: Kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise isampuli kunye nephepha lokuthatha isampuli ukurekhoda yonke inkqubo yesampuli ukusuka ekuqokelelweni ukuya kwilebhu ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zolawulo lomgangatho kunye nokuhlolwa.

Imizekelo yeeNgcinga eziGqibeleleyo kunye neeMpazamo

Kumsebenzi wokujonga umgangatho wamanzi, ngenxa yokungazi kakuhle ukusetyenziswa kweenkcukacha zeebhotile zokuthatha iisampulu, kuhlala kukho impembelelo encinci kodwa enkulu kwiziphumo zempazamo yokusebenza. Oku kulandelayo kudwelisa ukungaqondani okuqhelekileyo kunye neziphumo ezibangelwa kuko, ukuze kubhekiselwe kuzo kwaye kulumkiswe.

1. Ungcoliseko okanye ukufunxwa kwesampuli ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezingalunganga

• Ukuba kusetyenziswa iibhotile zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo ukuqokelela iisampulu ze-VOC, iibhotile zeplastiki (ingakumbi i-PVC okanye i-polyethylene ekumgangatho ophantsi) zinomngcipheko wokufunxwa okanye ukugcwala kwezinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo, nto leyo ebangela ukwehla koxinzelelo ekujoliswe kulo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi okanye elingabonakaliyo lokufunyanwa. Iibhotile zeglasi ezilawulwa yi-EPA ezineentloko ezingenamoya kufuneka zisetyenziswe, kunye nee-gaskets ze-PTFE/silicone kwi-cap liner ukuqinisekisa ukungangeni kweekhemikhali kunye nokutywinwa.

2. Ukungahoyi imiphumo yokuvaleka kwesikhumba kukhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwesampulu

• Ukuba iibhotile zeglasi ezikhanyayo zisetyenziselwa ukuqokelela iisampulu zeentsalela zezibulali-zinambuzane kwaye zibekwe elangeni ixesha elide emva kokuthatha iisampulu, izinto ezithile eziphilayo ezifana nezibulali-zinambuzane, ii-PAH, kunye nezinto ze-nitroaromatic zinovelwano kakhulu ekukhanyeni, kwaye zinokubola kwaye zitshintshe phantsi kokukhanya, nto leyo ebangela iziphumo ezigqwethekileyo. Kwizinto ezibuthathaka kwifoto, iibhotile ezimdaka kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuthatha iisampulu, kwaye iisampulu kufuneka zigcinwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhuselwe ekukhanyeni emva kokuthatha iisampulu, kwaye ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kufuneka kuthintelwe ngexesha lokuthuthwa.

3. Akukho zigcina-zithintelo okanye iimeko zokugcina ezingafanelekanga, ukonakala kwesampuli

• Ukuba iisampulu ze-ammonia nitrogen ziqokelelwe ngaphandle kwezigcini zaza zafakwa efrijini iiyure ezingama-24 ngaphambi kokuba zithunyelwe kuvavanyo. Kubushushu begumbi, iintsholongwane ziya kuyicola ngokukhawuleza i-ammonia nitrogen emanzini okanye ziyiguqule ibe zezinye iindlela, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho kuxinzelelo lwe-ammonia nitrogen kwaye zenze iziphumo zovavanyo zingabi namsebenzi. Iisampulu kufuneka zenziwe zibe ne-asidi ngokongeza i-sulfuric acid okanye i-hydrochloric acid kwangoko emva kokuqokelelwa ukuze kuthintelwe umsebenzi weentsholongwane kwaye zithuthwe phantsi kweemeko ezifrijiweyo kwi-4°C ukuqinisekisa ukuba zithunyelwa kuvavanyo ngexesha elichaziweyo.

Ezi ngcamango ziphosakeleyo ziqhelekileyo zisikhumbuza ukuba ukukhetha iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA ezifanelekileyo linyathelo lokuqala kuphela, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kwenkqubo yonke kunye neenkcukacha zolawulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idatha yovavanyo lomgangatho wamanzi iyinyani kwaye ithembekile, inemvume esemthethweni neyobuchwephesha.

Isiphelo

Ekujongeni umgangatho wamanzi, iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA, nangona zisitya esincinci kuphela, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthathwa kweesampuli kunye nohlalutyo. Ukukhetha iibhotile zohlalutyo lwamanzi ze-EPA kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwedatha, ukulandeleka kwayo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.

Kuphela kuxhomekeke ekukhetheni ngokufanelekileyo iibhotile zokuthatha iisampulu, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni (ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezigcini, ukugcina kude nokukhanya, ukuthutha okufrijiweyo, njl.njl.), okunokunciphisa utshintsho ekuqokeleleni, ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni kweesampuli, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokugqibela ziyinyani, zithembekile kwaye zisemthethweni.

Ukongeza, kuyacetyiswa ukuba iyunithi nganye iququzelele rhoqo uqeqesho lwamehlo lwabavavanyi ukuze kuphuculwe ukuqonda kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemigangatho ye-EPA kunye neenkcukacha zokusetyenziswa kweebhotile zesampuli, ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezinje ngokumbiwa kwakhona, ukurhoxiswa kwedatha okanye ukungaphumeleli kophicotho ngenxa yeempazamo zokusebenza, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ngokupheleleyo ubungcali kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi wokujonga umgangatho wamanzi.