Intshayelelo

Iingqayi zeScintillation zizixhobo eziyimfuneko ekubaleni ulwelo scintillation, ikakhulu ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umsebenzi radioisotopes. Umgaqo osebenzayo kukubeka ulwelo lwe-scintillation oluqulethe iisampulu ze-radioactive kwi-vials ye-scintillation, kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamasuntswana e-radioactive kunye ne-scintillation liquid yenza i-fluorescence, ebhaqwe yi-photomultiplier tubes ukuhlalutya ngokobungakanani be-radioactivity.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ze-scintillation vials kubalulekile kwaye kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zineepropati ezahlukeneyo ze-physicochemical, ezifana nokungathinteli kweekhemikhali, ukungafihli, ukumelana nobushushu, ukubalwa kwemvelaphi, njl. Ngoko ke,ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo ze-scintillation vials ngokweemfuno ezithile zovavanyo kunye neempawu zesampulu linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokufumana iziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo.

Iingqayi zeGlass Scintillation

Iingqayi zeGlass scintillation zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwibala le-liquid scintillation counting ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo. Iinzuzo zayo zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:

1. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweekhemikhali: izinto zeglasi ziyakwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwezinto ezininzi ze-solvents eziphilayo, i-acids, i-alkalis kunye nezinye iikhemikhali, kwaye akulula ukuphendula ngeesampuli, eziqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuzinza kweesampuli kunye nokuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ulinganisa iisampulu ze-radioactive kwindawo eqinileyo ye-asidi okanye ye-alkaline, iibhotile zeglasi zinokuhlala zizinzile, ngelixa iibhotile zeplastiki zinokunyibilika okanye zigqwese, ezichaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.

2. Ukungafihli okuPhezulu: I-Glass ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye inokwandisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-fluorescence eyenziwa yisisombululo se-scintillation, esiphucula ukufumanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-photomultiplier, okubangelwa ukusebenza okuphezulu kobugcisa kunye neziphumo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo.

3. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: iiglasi zeglasi ziyakwazi ukumelana nonyango lokuvala inzala yobushushu obuphezulu, njengokwenza inzala yomphunga, elungele inkcubeko yeseli, uvavanyo lwe-microbial kunye nolunye uvavanyo olufuna imeko engqongqo ye-aseptic.

4. Ukubala ngexabiso eliphantsi: Izinto zeglasi ngokwazo zine-radioactivity ephantsi kakhulu, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuphazamiseka kwemvelaphi kunye nokuphucula ubuntununtunu kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiselo, ngokukodwa ukufaneleka ukufunyanwa kweesampuli ze-radioactive ezisezantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iingxaki kwiibhotile ze-glass scintillation:

1. Eethe-ethe: Izinto zeglasi zincinci kwaye zilungele ukugqabhuka ngexesha lokusebenza, kukho ingozi yokhuseleko lokukrala kwabasebenzi okanye ukungcolisa indalo, efuna ukusebenza ngokucophelela.

2. Ubunzima: Xa kuthelekiswa neebhotile zeplastiki, iibhotile zeglasi zinzima ngakumbi, zinyusa iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa.

3. Ixabiso eliphezulu: ngenxa yezinto ezifana nenkqubo yokuvelisa kunye neendleko zempahla ekrwada, ixabiso leeglasi ze-glass scintillation lihlala liphezulu kunepakethe eyenziwe kwezinye izinto ezifana neplastiki.

Lilonke, iingqayi zeglasi ze-scintillation zineengenelo ezingenakuphinda zifumaneke kwindawo yokubala ulwelo lwe-scintillation ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kweekhemikhali, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokubala okuphantsi kwemvelaphi, ngakumbi kufanelekile ukulinganisa okuchanekileyo okuphezulu, i-asidi eyomeleleyo kunye neemeko zealkali, ukuvala ubushushu obuphezulu kunye neemfuno zokubala ezisezantsi ziyimvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-fragility, ubunzima kunye nexabiso eliphezulu kufuneka lithathelwe ingqalelo ekukhethweni.

Iingqayi zePlastiki zeScintillation

Iibhotile zePlastiki ze-scintillation zikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwibala lokubala ulwelo ngenxa yobunzima bazo, ukuqina kunye nokufikeleleka. Iinzuzo zayo zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:

1. Akukho lula ukuqhekeza: izinto zeplastiki zinobunzima obuhle, ziyakwazi ukumelana neempembelelo ezithile kunye noxinzelelo, akulula ukugqabhuka, ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuka kunye neengozi zokhuseleko.

2. Ubunzima obulula: xa kuthelekiswa neebhotile zeglasi, iibhotile zeplastiki zikhaphukhaphu ngobunzima, kulula ukuthutha kunye nokugcina, ukunciphisa iindleko zempahla kunye nomsebenzi wendawo yebhubhoratri.

3. Ixabiso eliphantsi: Ixabiso lempahla yeplastiki liphantsi, inkqubo yokuvelisa ilula, ngoko ke ixabiso leebhotile zeplastiki ze-scintillation lidla ngokuba luncedo ngakumbi kuneebhotile zeglasi, ezinokunciphisa iindleko zovavanyo.

4. Iplastiki: Izinto zeplastiki kulula ukusetyenzwa kunye nokubumba, zingenziwa ngokweemfuno zovavanyo zeemilo ezahlukeneyo, iinkcukacha kunye nemibala yeebhotile ze-scintillation, ezifana neebhotile ze-conical, iibhotile zesikwere, iibhotile ezimdaka, njl., ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo olukhethekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, iibhotile zeplastiki ze-scintillation nazo zinemida ethile:

1. I-inert encinci yeekhemikhali: Ezinye i-solvents eziphilayo, ezifana ne-toluene kunye ne-xylene, zinokubangela ukuba iplastiki inyibilike okanye iguqule, ichaphazele ukusebenza kakuhle kweetyhubhu ze-photomultiplier kwaye ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukubala ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kokulinganisa.

2. Ukungafihli okusezantsi: ukucaca okuphantsi kweplastiki xa kuthelekiswa neglasi kunokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-fluorescence eveliswa yi-scintillation fluid, echaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kweetyhubhu ze-photomultiplier kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka kokulinganisa.

3. Ayichasananga nobushushu obuphezulu: Uninzi lwezixhobo zeplastiki azixhathisi kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye unyango lwe-autoclave lunokukhokelela ekuguqulweni kweebhotile zeplastiki okanye ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali, okuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nempilo yabavavanyi.

4. Ubalo olungasemva oluphezulu: Imvelaphi ye-radioactive yezinto zeplastiki idla ngokuba phezulu kuneglasi, enokunyusa uphazamiseko lwangasemva kunye nokunciphisa uvakalelo kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiselo, kwaye ayifanelekanga ukufunyanwa kweesampuli ezisezantsi ze-radioactive.

Ukuqukumbela, iibhotile zeplastiki ze-scintillation zinoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kwimilinganiselo yesiqhelo, i-cost-sensitive kunye neemvavanyo ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu lokusebenza ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo zokungaqhawuki, ezilula, ezingabizi kwaye zisebenziseke. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezingeloncedo zayo ezifana nokungangeni kakuhle kweekhemikhali, ukungafihli kakuhle, ukunganyamezeli ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokubalwa kwemvelaphi ephezulu kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo xa zikhethwa ukuphepha ukuchaphazela ukuchaneka nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.

Isikhokelo soKhetho lweMathiriyeli

Ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo yebhotile ye-scintillation kufuna indibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo:

Iipropati zeSampuli

1. Iindidi zezinyibilikisi: I-solvents ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuzinza kweekhemikhali zezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-solvents ye-organic efana ne-toluene kunye ne-xylene inokunyibilika iiplastiki ezithile, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukukhetha ibhotile yeglasi ye-inert enekhemikhali.

2. I-Acid kunye ne-alkali: i-asidi eyomeleleyo kunye nokusingqongileyo kwe-alkali kuya kugqwala ezinye izinto, kufuneka ukhethe i-asidi engcono kunye nokusebenza kwe-alkali yebhotile yeglasi.

3. Ubunzulu beRadioactivity: Iisampulu zerediyo ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi kufuneka zikhethe iibhotile zeglasi ezinamanani asezantsi angasemva ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka okungasemva kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka komlinganiselo.

IiMfuno zoMfuniselo

1. Ukuchaneka kokufunyanwa: Umlinganiselo ophezulu wokuchaneka ufuna ukukhethwa kweebhotile zeglasi kunye nokungafihli okuphezulu kunye nezibalo ezisezantsi zokuphucula ukufumanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiselo.

2. Iimfuno zokuzala: Iimvavanyo ezifuna ukuvalwa kobushushu obuphezulu zifuna ukukhetha iingqayi zeglasi ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.

3. Ukhuseleko lomsebenzi: Uvavanyo lokungqubana ngexesha lokusebenza ukuphucula umngcipheko wokhuseleko lomsebenzi kufuneka ukhethe iibhotile zeplastiki ezingaphukiyo ukuphucula ukhuseleko lomsebenzi.

Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko

1. Iindleko zezinto eziphathekayo: Iibhotile zeglasi zihlala zibiza kakhulu kuneebhotile zeplastiki.

2. Iindleko zokuhamba nezokugcina: iibhotile zeglasi zinobunzima obukhulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu ukuthutha nokugcina.

Ukhetho olucetyiswayo

1. Iingqayi zeglasi zilungele imifuniselo efuna imilinganiselo echanekileyo ephezulu, iasidi eyomeleleyo kunye neemekobume zealkali, ukuvalwa kobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nezibalo ezisezantsi ezingasemva.

2. Iibhotile zeplastiki zifanelekile kwimilinganiselo yesiqhelo, iimvavanyo ezingabizi kakhulu, kunye neemvavanyo ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu lokusebenza.

Ukhetho lokugqibela lwemathiriyeli ye-scintillation vials kufuneka ilinganiswe ngokuchasene neemfuno zovavanyo kunye neempawu zesampulu. Kucetyiswa ukuba udibane nengcali okanye wenze uvavanyo lwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe olunye ukuze uqinisekise ukuba ukhetha eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwaye ufumane iziphumo zovavanyo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo.

Ukuqukumbela

Iingqayi zeScintillation ezenziwe ngeglasi kunye neplastiki zizinto eziyimfuneko kwitekhnoloji yokubala ye-scintillation yolwelo kwaye nganye ineengenelo kunye nemida eyodwa. Iingqayi zeglasi zigqwesa kwiimvavanyo ezifuna imilinganiselo echanekileyo ephezulu, i-acidic eyomeleleyo kunye ne-alkaline bume, i-autoclaving kunye nezibalo zemvelaphi ephantsi ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kweekhemikhali, ukukhanya okuphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nezibalo ezisezantsi. Iibhotile zeplastiki, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunye neenzuzo zabo zokungaqhawuki, zilula, zingabizi kwaye ziguquguquke, zinendawo kwimilinganiselo yesiqhelo, i-cost-sensitive kunye neemvavanyo ezifuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu lokusebenza.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiibhotile ze-scintillation akuyona into elula kwaye idinga indibaniselwano yezinto ezifana nohlobo lwesampulu, iimfuno zovavanyo kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweendleko. Ngokomzekelo, kwimilinganiselo ephezulu ye-asidi eqinile kunye ne-alkali, iiglasi zeglasi ngokungathandabuzekiyo zilona khetho olungcono, ngelixa imilinganiselo yesiqhelo kunye neemvavanyo ezingabizi kakhulu, iibhotile zeplastiki zineendleko eziphezulu.

Ukhetho oluchanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhotile ze-scintillation linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufumaneni iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezithembekileyo. Abavavanyi kufuneka bavavanye ngononophelo iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwemathiriyeli eyahlukeneyo ngokwemfuno zabo zovavanyo, bakhethe ezona vial zifanelekileyo ze-scintillation, kwaye bazisebenzise ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana neenkqubo zokusebenza, ukuze baqinisekise ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha yovavanyo, kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso eyomeleleyo kuphando lwesayensi lobuqhetseba.