Intshayelelo

Iibhotile ze-serum zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengezikhongozeli ezibalulekileyo zokugcina, ukuthutha kunye nokusasaza izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nee-serum, ii-vaccine, ii-biological agents, njl.njl., kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neelabhoratri zamayeza, ezonyango nezophando.Nokuba kuphuhliso lwamayeza amatsha, unyango lwezonyango, okanye uphando olusisiseko lwesayensi, iibhotile ze-serum zidlala indima engenakutshintshwa, kwaye izinto zazo zihlala ziquka izinto zeglasi okanye ze-polymer ezitywiniweyo kakuhle kwaye zizinzile kwiikhemikhali.

Njengoko imfuno yokusetyenziswa ikhula, ukhetho phakathi kwee-vials ezisetyenziswa kanye kunye nee-vials ezisetyenziswa kwakhona lube yimpikiswano ende kwishishini. Ii-vials ezisetyenziswa kanye zibonelela ngokulula, ucoceko kunye nomngcipheko omncinci wokungcola, ngelixa ii-vials ezisetyenziswa kwakhona zisebenza kakuhle kwaye azinzima kangako kwindalo.

Ukwanda kwenkunkuma yezonyango akuzisi nje kuphela uxinzelelo olukhulu kokusingqongileyo, kodwa kwandisa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo kunye nokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Indlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wendalo kunye nokufezekisa imeko yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nenkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ngelixa uhlangabezana neemfuno ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zophando lwezonyango nolwesayensi ibe ngumceli mngeni ongenakuphepheka kuluntu lwanamhlanje.

Imeko kunye nefuthe leeVials zeSerum ezilahlwayo

Iibhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithi yanamhlanje, ezonyango nakwi-keyanu. Izinto zayo eziphambili zihlala ziyi-polyethylene, i-polypropylene kunye nezinye iiplastiki okanye iglasi ekhethekileyo, inokuqinisekisa uzinzo oluhle lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo.

1. Iingenelo

• Ukungabi nazintsholongwane okuphezulu kunye nomngcipheko oncitshisiweyo wongcoliseko oluxutyiweyo: Iibhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo zihlala zicocwa ngokungqongqo ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba ibhetshi nganye yemveliso ihlangabezana nomgangatho wokungabi nazintsholongwane. Ukuba ilahlwa ngqo emva kokusetyenziswa, ithintela ingxaki yokungcoliswa okubangelwa kukucaca okungaphelelanga okanye ukungabi nazintsholongwane okungaqhelekanga, ifanelekile kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ezineemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu kubumsulwa besampuli kunye nokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo.
• Kulula ukuyisebenzisa, igcina iindleko zokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane: Xa kuthelekiswa neebhotile ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona, iibhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo azidingi mfuneko yokucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye neenkqubo zokujonga umgangatho, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kweelabhoratri kunye nezibonelelo zempilo. Kwangaxeshanye, ikwanciphisa iingozi kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene neempazamo ezenziwe ngesandla, okwenza inkqubo iyonke ibe notshintsho ngakumbi kwaye ilawuleke.

2. Iingxaki

• Ukwanda kwenkunkuma yeplastiki/yeglasi kunye nokwanda kongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo: Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweebhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo kukhokelele ekonyukeni okukhulu kobuninzi benkunkuma. Njengoko inkunkuma yezonyango idla ngokuhlulwa njengenkunkuma eyingozi, iindlela zokulahla azisebenzisi nje amandla kuphela, kodwa zinokukhupha neegesi eziyingozi, nto leyo eyongeza impembelelo embi kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukongeza, ukuba aziphathwanga kakuhle, amasuntswana eplastiki anokungena kwindalo esingqongileyo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo ixesha elide.
• Iindleko eziphezulu zexesha elide kunye nokuncipha kwezixhobo ezingazinziyo: Nangona ixabiso eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwamagama liphantsi, umthwalo wezoqoqosho ngokubanzi weebhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo awungomncipha xa zithengwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngobuninzi kwixesha elide. Inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa yenzelwe ukukhupha izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu, nto leyo echasene neengcamango ezizinzileyo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo kunye nophuhliso olunekhabhoni ephantsi olukhuthazwayo okwangoku. Njengoko injongo yehlabathi yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni iqhubeka, imodeli yokuxhomekeka kwizinto ezilahlwayo iphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulayo lwangaphandle.

Uhlalutyo Lokwenzeka KweeVial ZeSerum Ezingasetyenziswa Kwakhona

Njengoko ingcamango yozinzo ihambela phambili kwezempilo nophando, ii-serum vials ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona ziyaphinda zijongwe kwakhona njengendlela eyahlukileyo. Ngokuyilwa nokulawulwa okunengqiqo, ii-serum vials ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona azincedi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni umthwalo wokusingqongileyo, kodwa zikwanakho nokuzisa iingenelo zoqoqosho xa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho imingeni emininzi yobugcisa nolawulo ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo.

1. Iingenelo

• Ukunciphisa inkunkuma, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yoqoqosho olujikelezayo: Xa kuthelekiswa neebhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo, iibhotile ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe zinciphisa kakhulu ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma, ingakumbi kwiilabhoratri nakwiiyunithi zonyango ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, isiphumo sokunciphisa inkunkuma sicacile ngakumbi.
• Iindleko eziphantsi zexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwezixhobo: Nangona utyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokusetyenziswa kwamagama liphantsi kakhulu kunelo leebhotile ezilahlwayo emva kokusetyenziswa okuliqela. Kwiiyunithi zokusebenza ezinkulu neziqhubekayo, iibhotile ze-serum ezingasetyenziswa kwakhona zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zemiba eyahlukeneyo yokuthengwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kwaye ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ngakumbi kwimeko yokunyuka kweendleko zezinto eziluhlaza kunye neendleko zokulahla inkunkuma, iingenelo zayo zoqoqosho ziya kuba zibonakala ngakumbi.

2. Iingxaki

• Iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokucoca nokubulala iintsholongwane ezinokuthi zibe yingozi kukhuseleko: iibhotile ze-serum eziphinda zisetyenziswe ziphantsi kokucoca okungqongqo, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba iibhotile ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye. Ukucocwa okungaphelelanga, ukubulala iintsholongwane okunganelanga okanye umonakalo kwiibhotile ngexesha lenkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane kunokukhokelela ekungcolisweni okunqamlezileyo, ukungaphumeleli kovavanyo okanye iziganeko zokhuseleko lweklinikhi. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane ngokwayo ifuna inani elikhulu lamanzi kunye namandla angeniswayo, nto leyo ekwabeka umthwalo othile kwindalo esingqongileyo.
• Utyalo-mali olukhulu lokuqala, kufuneka kuxhaswe inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona nokucoca: ukuseka inkqubo esebenzayo enokusetyenziswa kwakhona, akufuneki nje kuphela ukuthenga ii-serum vials ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezimelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokugqwala, kodwa kwanokutyala imali kwizibonelelo ezixhasayo ezifana nokucoca, ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukuvavanya umgangatho, ukuthutha kunye nokugcina impahla. Oku kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwinkqubo yolawulo lwelebhu kwaye kufuna iindleko ezongezelelweyo zomsebenzi kunye nexesha ukugcina umgangatho wokusebenza.

Urhwebo kunye nemingeni yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo

Xa kukhethwa phakathi kweebhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona, ukuzinza kuba yinto ebalulekileyo engenakutyeshelwa. Ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kunye nokhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo yingxaki ekufuneka ihlalutywe nzulu xa kusenziwa izigqibo.

1. Uthelekiso lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo: unyawo lwekhabhoni, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma

• Iibhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo zihlala zinekhabhoni eninzi ngexesha lokwenziwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokulahla. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweplastiki, iglasi kunye nezinye izinto akudli nje kuphela izixhobo zepetroleum kunye nezimbiwa ezixabisekileyo, kodwa kukwahamba nenkqubo yokulahla inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla amaninzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi. Iibhotile ze-serum eziphinda zisetyenziswe, kwelinye icala, ngokwethiyori ziyakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo wokusingqongileyo ngeyunithi nganye yemveliso ngokwandisa umjikelo wokusetyenziswa.
• Nangona kunjalo, iibhotile ezisetyenziswa kwakhona zisebenzisa amanzi amaninzi, amanqaku, kunye neekhemikhali ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, nto leyo enokunciphisa ezinye zeenzuzo zokusingqongileyo ukuba inkqubo yokuphatha ayilungiswanga. Ke ngoko, ukusekwa kwenkqubo yokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane esebenzayo, eyonga amandla kubalulekile ekufezekiseni amandla ayo azinzileyo.

2. Uthelekiso lweendleko zoqoqosho: uhlalutyo lweendleko zexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide

• Kwixesha elifutshane, iibhotile ze-serum ezilahlwayo zinokunciphisa kakhulu utyalo-mali lokuqala ngenxa yexabiso lazo eliphantsi lokuthenga kunye nokulula kokusetyenziswa, okuzenza zifaneleke kwiiprojekthi ezinebhajethi encinci okanye iimfuno zokusebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo ngokuhamba kwexesha, ixabiso lilonke lezinto ezilahlwayo linyuka ngokukhawuleza njengoko inani lezinto ezithengiweyo, iindleko zokulahla inkunkuma, kunye noxanduva lwerhafu yokusingqongileyo olunokubakho lusanda.
• Ngokwahlukileyo koko, nangona ii-serum vials ezisetyenziswa kwakhona zinokuthengwa okuphezulu kokuqala kunye notyalo-mali oluncedisayo, ixabiso ngokusetyenziswa liyancipha kakhulu xa lisasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa. Ingakumbi kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa rhoqo kunye nezinkulu, iingenelo zoqoqosho zexesha elide zicacile ngakumbi.

3. Ukhuseleko kunye nemigaqo: iimfuno zomthetho kunye nemigangatho yoshishino kumazwe ahlukeneyo

• Ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nomgangatho wemveliso ziimfuneko ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kweebhotile ze-serum. Amazwe amaninzi anemigaqo engqongqo yezixhobo zonyango ezingasetyenziswayo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye neemfuno ezicacileyo zokungasebenzisi magciwane, ukulandeleka kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenziswa.
• Kwicandelo lee-serum vials ezilahlwayo, iimveliso ezisemgangathweni kulula ukuzithobela imigaqo efanelekileyo. Ii-serum vials eziphinda zisetyenziswe, kwelinye icala, zifuna ubungqina obongezelelekileyo bokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo yokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, nto leyo eyongeza kubunzima bolawulo lomgangatho. Ezinye iimeko zokusetyenziswa ngeenjongo ezithile zihlala zikhetha izinto ezilahlwayo ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko. Ukongeza, kukho umahluko kwimigangatho yokuhlelwa kunye nonyango lwenkunkuma yezonyango kumazwe ahlukeneyo, nto leyo echaphazela nokwamkelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-serum vials ezilahlwayo neziphinda zisetyenziswe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Iindlela zexesha elizayo kunye nezisombululo

Xa kukhethwa phakathi kweebhotile ze-serum ezingasetyenziswayo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona, indlela eya phambili yophuhliso ayixhomekekanga kuphela kubuchule bobuchwephesha, kodwa ikwafuna ulwalathiso lomgaqo-nkqubo kunye noxanduva lwenkampani lokwenza umzamo odibeneyo wokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle phantsi kwesiseko sophuhliso oluzinzileyo lokwenyani.

1. Ubuchule bobuchwephesha: izinto ezibolayo kunye neendlela zokucoca ezisebenzayo ngakumbi

• Inkqubela phambili kubuchwepheshe obutsha bezinto ezibonakalayo ibonelele ngenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwee-serum vials. Okwangoku, abaphandi baphuhlisa ii-vials ezisekelwe kwiplastiki ebolayo, ezinokonakala phantsi kweemeko zendalo ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, ukuba nje zihlangabezana namandla athile, ukutywinwa kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo.

2. Impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo: urhulumente okanye umbutho wezoshishino okhuthaza iikhonteyina ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona

• Urhulumente kunye nemibutho yemizi-mveliso badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo oluluhlaza. Ngokudala izikhuthazo, ukuncitshiswa kwerhafu, kunye nokusekwa kwemigangatho ecacileyo yokusingqongileyo, eli shishini linokukhokelwa ekutshintsheleni kancinci kancinci kwimodeli ezinzileyo ngakumbi.
• Kwixesha elizayo, imithetho yehlabathi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo zonyango ngendlela enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kulindeleke ukuba iphuculwe ngakumbi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imibutho emininzi yamayeza kunye neyokhathalelo lwempilo isebenzise izixhobo kunye neenkqubo ezizinzileyo.

3. Uxanduva lwenkampani: indlela iinkampani zamayeza ezilinganisela ngayo iindleko, ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza

• Iinkampani zamayeza, njengabasebenzisi abaphambili bee-serum vials, zinoxanduva olungenakuphepheka kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Azidingi nje kuphela ukuba iinkampani zihlole iindleko zexesha elifutshane nelide ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezoqoqosho, kodwa kufuneka ziqwalasele nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu kwinqanaba eliphezulu loxanduva lwentlalo.
• Ezinye iinkampani eziphambili zamayeza ziqalile ukuphonononga amaqhinga “eelabhoratri eziluhlaza” kunye “ne-carbon-neutral supply chain” ukuze kuncitshiswe kancinci kancinci ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kanye ngokuphucula imigangatho yokuthenga, ukutyala imali kuphando nophuhliso lwezixhobo ezizinzileyo, kunye nokuseta iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngaphakathi. Kwangaxeshanye, phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokuthobela imithetho, ukuzama ngenkuthalo ukwazisa iinkqubo ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona akunakuphucula kuphela umfanekiso wenkampani, kodwa kukwasebenzisa nethuba kwixesha elizayo imigaqo engqongqo yokusingqongileyo.

Isiphelo

Ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezingasetyenziswayo nezingasetyenziswa kwakhona ezijikeleze indlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iibhotile ze-serum ngokusisiseko kukuphikisana nokutshintshiselana phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle, ukhuseleko kunye nengcamango yokuzinza.

Kwindlela yokusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuthobela imithetho, kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo lweendleko. Kwangaxeshanye, ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweemveliso ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kufuneka kuqhubeke kuphuculwe ngokudibanisa uphuhliso lwezixhobo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe.

Ukujonga kwixesha elizayo, indlela yophuhliso lwee-serum vials kunye nezinye izinto zokupakisha zonyango ziya kuhamba ziye kwindlela ekrelekrele nenobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintsha, ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ezintsha kunye nenkxaso yenkuthazo yomgaqo-nkqubo, imboni yophando lwezonyango nolwesayensi kulindeleke ukuba iqinisekise iinkonzo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ngelixa iqonda intsingiselo yokwenyani yophuhliso oluzinzileyo, inika igalelo elihle kwindalo esingqongileyo yehlabathi nakwimpilo yabantu.