Intshayelelo

Iibhotile ze-Headspace zizikhongozeli zesampulu eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kuhlalutyo lwe-gas chromatography (GC), ikakhulu ezisetyenziselwa ukugquma iisampulu zegesi okanye ezingamanzi ukuphumeza iisampulu ezinzileyo yothutho kunye nohlalutyo ngenkqubo etywiniweyo. Iimpawu zabo zokutywina ezigqwesileyo kunye ne-inertness yeekhemikhali zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kunye nokuveliswa kwakhona kweziphumo zohlalutyo.

Kuvavanyo lwemihla ngemihla, ii-vials ze-headspace zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezinokulahlwa. Ngelixa oku kunceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo, ikwanyusa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza zelabhoratri, ngakumbi kwizicelo ezinomthamo omkhulu wesampulu kunye novavanyo oluphezulu. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa okulahlayo kubangela ubuninzi benkunkuma yeglasi, ebeka uxinzelelo ekuzinzeni kwebhubhoratri.

IiPropati zeMathiriyeli kunye noLwakhiwo lweVial ye-Headspace

Iibhotile ze-headpace zenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngeglasi ye-borosilicate ephezulu, i-high-temperature resistant glass borosilicate, enekhemikhali inert kunye ne-thermally stable ngokwaneleyo ukumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwe-solvents yezinto eziphilayo, iimeko zokushisa eziphezulu kunye neendawo zokusebenza zoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Ngokwethiyori, iglasi ye-borosilicate inokucoca kakuhle kwaye iphinde isebenzise amandla, kodwa ubomi bayo bokwenyani bukhawulelwe zizinto ezinje ngokunxitywa kwesakhiwo kunye nentsalela yongcoliseko.

Inkqubo yokutywinwa yinxalenye ephambili ekusebenzeni kweevials ze-headspace kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe i-cap ye-aluminium okanye i-spacer. Umnqwazi we-aluminiyam wenza ukuvaleka okuqinileyo kwegesi kumlomo webhotile ngedlala okanye ngokufaka umsonto, ngelixa i-spacer ibonelela ngokungena kwinaliti kwaye ikhusela ukuvuza kwerhasi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa umzimba weglasi yeglasi ugcina ubume bawo obusisiseko emva kokuhlanjwa izihlandlo ezininzi, ispacer siqhelekile ukuba sisixhobo esilahlwayo kwaye siqhelene nokulahleka kokutywinwa kunye nokulahleka kwezinto emva kokugqojozwa, okuchaphazela ukuthembeka kokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ke ngoko, xa uzama ukuphinda usetyenziswe, ispacer sihlala sidinga ukutshintshwa, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweevials zeglasi kunye neminqwazi ye-aluminiyam kufuneka ivavanyelwe imfezeko yabo yomzimba kunye nokukwazi ukugcina umoya ungangeni.

Ukongezelela, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zeevials ngokobungakanani, ukuveliswa ngokubambisana. Kunokubakho ukuhluka okuncinci ekwakhiweni komlomo we-vial, njl., Enokuchaphazela ukuhambelana ne-autosampler vials, i-seal fit, kunye nemeko eseleyo emva kokucoca. Ngoko ke, xa kuphuhliswa inkqubo yokucoca kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukuqinisekiswa okusemgangathweni kufuneka kuqhutywe kwiinkcukacha ezithile zeebhotile ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha.

Ukucoca uHlaziyo lokwenzekayo

1. Iindlela zokucoca

Iibhotile zentloko zihlanjululwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ukucoca ngesandla kunye nokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukucoca ngesandla ngokuqhelekileyo kulungele ukusetyenzwa kwebhetshi encinci, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, rhoqo nge-brush yebhotile ye-reagent, i-rinse yamanzi ehambayo kunye ne-multi-step chemical reagent processing. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokucoca ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni ngesandla, kukho umngcipheko wokuba ukuphindaphinda kunye neziphumo zokucoca zingazinzi.

Ngokwahlukileyo, izixhobo zokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo zinokuphucula kakhulu ukucoca ukusebenza kunye nokuhambelana. Ukucocwa kwe-Ultrasonic kuvelisa i-micro-bubbles ngokusebenzisa i-oscillation ephezulu-frequency, enokuthi isuse ngokufanelekileyo i-residus ye-trace ebambelele ekukhuseleni, kwaye ifaneleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuphatha i-adhesive kakhulu okanye i-trace organic residues.

Ukukhethwa kwe-arhente yokucoca kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwisiphumo sokucoca. Iiarhente zokucoca ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka i-ethanol, i-acetone, i-aqueous bottle washing liquids, kunye ne-detergents ekhethekileyo. Inkqubo yokucoca enamanyathelo amaninzi iyacetyiswa ngokubanzi: i-solvent rinse (ukususa iintsalela ze-organic)→i-aqueous rinse (ukususa ungcoliseko olunyibilikayo emanzini)→ukuhlanjwa kwamanzi asulungekileyo.

Emva kokucoca kugqityiwe, ukomiswa ngokucokisekileyo kufuneka kwenziwe ukuphepha ukufuma okushiyekileyo okuchaphazela isampuli. Izixhobo zokomisa eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwi-oven yokomisa ilabhoratri (60 ℃ -120 ℃), kwezinye izicelo ezifunayo, zinokusetyenziswa ukuqhubela phambili ucoceko kunye nomthamo we-bacteriostatic we-autoclaving.

2. Ukufunyanwa kwentsalela emva kokucoca

Ukucokiseka kokucoca kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngovavanyo lwentsalela. Imithombo eqhelekileyo yokungcola ibandakanya iintsalela ezivela kwiisampuli zangaphambili, i-diluents, i-additives kunye ne-residual detergent components ukusuka kwinkqubo yokucoca. Ukungaphumeleli ukususa ezi zingcolisi ngokupheleleyo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kuhlalutyo olulandelayo olufana ne "ghost peaks" kunye nesandi esonyuka sangasemva.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiindlela zokufumanisa, eyona ndlela ichanekileyo kukuqhuba ukugijima okungenanto, oko kukuthi, i-vial ecociweyo ifakwe njengesampuli engenanto, kwaye ubukho beencopho ezingaziwa zibonwa yi-gas chromatography (GC) okanye i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Enye indlela ngokubanzi luhlalutyo olupheleleyo lwekhabhoni ephilayo, esetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubungakanani bezinto eziphilayo eziseleyo kwi-vial surface okanye kwisisombululo sokuhlamba.

Ukongezelela, "uthelekiso lwasemva" lunokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa indlela ethile yokuhlalutya ehambelana nesampuli: i-vial ecociweyo iqhutywe phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo njenge-brand entsha, kwaye inqanaba lezibonakaliso zemvelaphi lifaniswa nobukho beencopho ezikhohlisayo ukuvavanya ukuba ukucocwa kusemgangathweni owamkelekileyo.

Imiba echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona

1. Impembelelo kwiziphumo zohlalutyo

Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweebhotile ze-Headspace kuqala kufuneka kuhlolwe impembelelo yayo kwiziphumo zohlalutyo, ngakumbi kuhlalutyo lobungakanani. Njengoko inani lokusetyenziswa linyuka, i-trace compounds inokuhlala kwindonga yangaphakathi ye-vial, kwaye nasemva kokucoca, ukungcola okulandelwayo kusenokuthi kukhululwe kumaqondo aphezulu okushisa, ukuphazamisa ubungakanani bemilinganiselo ekujoliswe kuyo. Inomdla ngakumbi kuhlalutyo lomkhondo kwaye ichaphazeleka kakhulu kukuthambekela.

Ukunyuka kwengxolo yangasemva kuyingxaki eqhelekileyo. Ukucocwa okungaphelelanga okanye ukuwohloka kwezinto kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwesiseko senkqubo, ukuphazamisa ukuchongwa kwencopho kunye nokudibanisa.

Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa kwakhona kovavanyo kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide zizibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukuba nokwenzeka kokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ukuba ii-vials azihambelani nococeko, ukusebenza kokutywinwa, okanye imfezeko yezinto eziphathekayo, oku kuya kukhokelela kwiiyantlukwano ekusebenzeni kwenaliti kunye nokuguquguquka kwindawo ephezulu, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukuveliswa kovavanyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba iimvavanyo zokuqinisekiswa kweebhetshi zenziwe kwii-vials eziphinda zisetyenziswe kwizicelo eziphathekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthelekisa kunye nokuhambelana kwedatha ehlalutyiweyo.

2. Ukuguga kweVial kunye ne-spacers

Ukunxiba ngokomzimba kunye nokuthotywa kwezinto ze-vial kunye nokutywinwa kwenkqubo akunakuphepheka ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Emva kwemijikelezo emininzi yebhayisikili ye-thermal, iimpembelelo zoomatshini kunye nokucoca, iibhotile zeglasi zinokuthi ziphuhlise amaqhekeza amancinci okanye imikrwelo, engabi "imimandla efileyo" yokungcola, kodwa ibeka umngcipheko wokuqhekeka ngexesha lomsebenzi ophezulu wokushisa.

I-spacers, njengezinto zokubhoboza, ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza. Inani elonyukayo lee-punctures linokubangela ukuba i-spacer cavity yande okanye itywinwe kakubi, okukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nesampulu ye-volatilization, ukulahleka komoya, kunye nokungazinzi kwesondlo. Ukuguga kwespacer kunokukhupha amasuntswana okanye izinto eziphilayo ezinokungcolisa ngakumbi isampuli.

Ukubonakaliswa ngokomzimba kokuguga kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kwebhotile, idiphozithi yomhlaba, kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-aluminium cap, konke oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwesampuli kunye nokuhambelana kwesixhobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lovavanyo kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze uhlolo oluyimfuneko olubonakalayo kunye neemvavanyo zokutywinwa ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kunye nokuphelisa amacandelo ngokugqoka okubalulekileyo kunye nokukrazula ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Iingcebiso kunye noLumkelo lokuSetyenziswa kwakhona

Iibhobho zentloko zingasetyenziselwa kwakhona kwinqanaba elithile emva kokucocwa ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa, kodwa oku kufuneka kugwetywe ngokucophelela ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yesicelo esithile, uhlobo lwesampuli kunye neemeko zezixhobo.

1. Inani elicetyiswayo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe

Ngokwamava asebenzayo kwezinye iilabhoratri kunye noncwadi, kwiimeko zesicelo apho ii-VOCs eziqhelekileyo okanye iisampuli zongcoliseko eziphantsi ziphathwa, iiglasi zeglasi zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngamaxesha angama-3-5, ngaphandle kokuba zicocwe ngokungqongqo, zomiswe kwaye zihlolwe emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye. Emva kweli nani lamaxesha, ubunzima bokucoca, umngcipheko wokuguga kunye nethuba lokutywinwa kakubi kwee-vials zanda kakhulu, kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba zipheliswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo. IiCushions zicetyiswa ukuba zitshintshwe emva kokusetyenziswa ngalunye kwaye azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgangatho wee-vials uyahluka phakathi kweempawu kunye neemodeli kwaye kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwimveliso ethile. Kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo okanye uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo, iibhotile ezintsha kufuneka zikhethwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwedatha.

2. Iimeko apho ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kungakhuthazwayo

Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweengqayi ze-headspace akukhuthazwa kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Iintsalela zesampulu kunzima ukuzisusa ngokupheleleyo, umz. i-viscous ephezulu, i-adsorbed ngokulula okanye iisampulu ezinetyuwa;
• Isampulu inetyhefu kakhulu okanye iyaguquguquka, umz. ibenzene, iihydrocarbon ezikloriniweyo, njl.njl. Iintsalela ezicacileyo zinokuba yingozi kumsebenzisi;
• Ukutywinwa kweqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-vial, utshintsho loxinzelelo lwesakhiwo lunokuchaphazela ukutywinwa okulandelayo;
• Iingqayi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezilawulwa kakhulu ezifana ne-forensics, ukutya, kunye namayeza, kwaye kufuneka zihambelane nemimiselo efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokuvunywa kwelebhu;
• Iingqayi ezineentanda ezibonakalayo, i-deformation, discoloration, okanye iilebhile ekunzima ukuzisusa zibeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko olunokwenzeka.

3. Ukusekwa kweenkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni

Ukuze kuphunyezwe ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo, kufuneka kuphuhliswe iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni ofanayo, kubandakanywa kodwa kungaphelelanga kwezi ndawo zilandelayo:

• Ulawulo lokuleyibhile kunye noluhlu lwamanani: Chonga iibhotile ezisetyenzisiweyo kwaye urekhode inani lamaxesha kunye neentlobo zeesampulu ezisetyenzisiweyo;
• Ukusekwa kwephepha lerekhodi lokucoca: ukulungelelanisa umjikelezo ngamnye wenkqubo yokucoca, urekhode uhlobo lwe-ejenti yokucoca, ixesha lokucoca, kunye neeparitha zezixhobo;
• Ukumisela imigangatho yokuphela kobomi kunye nemijikelo yokuhlola: kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwembonakalo kunye nokutywinwa emva kokusetyenziswa komjikelo ngamnye;
• Ukumisela indlela yokwahlula iindawo zokucoca nokugcinwa kuzo: ukuphepha ukungcoliseka kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iibhotile ezicocekileyo zihlala zicocekile phambi kokusetyenziswa;
• Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo zokuqinisekisa ngamaxesha athile: umz. ukubaleka okungenanto ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kophazamiseko olungasemva kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo akuchaphazeli iziphumo zohlalutyo.

Ngolawulo lwezenzululwazi kunye neenkqubo ezisemgangathweni, ilabhoratri inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ixabiso lezinto ezityiwayo phantsi kwesiseko sokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokuhlalutya, kunye nokufezekisa imisebenzi yovavanyo oluluhlaza kunye noluzinzileyo.

UVavanyo lweeNzuzo kuQoqosho nokusiNgqongileyo

Ukulawulwa kweendleko kunye nokuzinza kuye kwaba yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yelabhoratri yanamhlanje. Ukucocwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweebhotile ze-headspace akusayi kukhokelela ekugcinweni kweendleko ezibalulekileyo kuphela, kodwa kunciphise inkunkuma yasebhubhoratri, ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nokwakhiwa kwelabhoratri eluhlaza.

1. Ubalo logcino lweendleko: ezilahlwayo vs

Ukuba iingqayi ze-headspace ezilahlwayo bezisetyenziselwa umfuniselo ngamnye, imifuniselo eyi-100 iya kuba nelahleko yeendleko ezinkulu. Ukuba ibhotile nganye yeglasi inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo amatyeli aliqela, uvavanyo olufanayo luya kufuna kuphela umndilili okanye nangaphantsi kwexabiso lokuqala.

Inkqubo yokucoca ikwabandakanya izinto eziluncedo, ezokucoca kunye neendleko zabasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiilabhoratri ezineenkqubo zokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo, iindleko zokucoca i-marginal zincinci, ngakumbi kuhlalutyo lweesampuli ezinkulu, kwaye inzuzo yezoqoqosho yokusetyenziswa kwakhona ibaluleke ngakumbi.

2. Ukusebenza kokucuthwa kwenkunkuma yaselabhoratri

Iingqayi ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela zinokuqokelela ngokukhawuleza izixa ezikhulu zenkunkuma yeglasi. Ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe iingqayi, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunokwehliswa kakhulu kwaye nomthwalo wokulahlwa kwenkunkuma ucuthwe, kunye neenzuzo ezikhawulezileyo ingakumbi kwiilabhoratri ezineendleko eziphezulu zokulahla inkunkuma okanye iimfuno ezingqongqo zokuhlela.

Ukongeza, ukunciphisa inani le-spacers kunye nee-aluminium caps ezisetyenzisiweyo kuya kunciphisa ngakumbi ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma esekwe kwirabha kunye nesinyithi.

3. Igalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweelebhu

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izibonelelo zaselebhu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo “yenguqu eluhlaza” yelebhu. Ngokwandisa ubomi bezinto ezityiwayo ngaphandle kokuthomalalisa umgangatho wedatha, asipheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo, kodwa sikwahlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo ezifana ne-ISO 14001. Ikwahlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo zolawulo lwendalo esingqongileyo ezifana ne-ISO 14001, kwaye inefuthe elihle kwisicelo sesiqinisekiso selabhoratri eluhlaza, uvavanyo lokonga amandla, uxanduva lweeyunivesithi zentlalo kunye neengxelo zeeyunivesithi.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukusekwa komgangatho wenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokucoca kwakhona kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kolawulo lwebhubhoratri kwaye kunceda ukuhlakulela inkcubeko yokulinga enika ukubaluleka okulinganayo kwingcamango yokuzinza kunye nemilinganiselo yesayensi.

Izigqibo kunye ne-Outlook

Isishwankathelo, ukucocwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-vials ze-headspace kunokwenzeka ngokobugcisa. Izinto zeglasi ze-borosilicate ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-inertness efanelekileyo yeekhemikhali kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kungasetyenziselwa amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakhulu iziphumo zokuhlalutya phantsi kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokucoca kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. Ngokusebenzisa ukhetho olunengqiqo lwee-agent zokucoca, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokudibanisa ukomisa kunye nokunyangwa kwe-sterilization, ibhubhoratri inokufezekisa ukusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni kwee-vials, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo iindleko kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma.

Kwisicelo esisebenzayo, ubume besampulu, iimfuno zovakalelo lwendlela yokuhlalutya, kunye nokuguga kwee-vials kunye ne-spacers kufuneka zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusekwe inkqubo ebanzi yokusebenza esemgangathweni, kubandakanywa irekhodi yokusetyenziswa, umda kwinani lokuphindaphinda, kunye nendlela yokuchitha ixesha elithile ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwakhona akubangeli ingozi kumgangatho wedatha kunye nokhuseleko lovavanyo.

Ukujonga phambili, ngokukhuthazwa kwembono yelabhoratri eluhlaza kunye nokuqiniswa kwemimiselo yokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweebhotile kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwezixhobo zelabhoratri, uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yokucoca esebenzayo ngakumbi, ezenzekelayo yokucoca, ukuphonononga izinto ezintsha ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, njl. ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweebhotile ze-headspace akuncedi kuphela ukunciphisa iindleko zemifuniselo, kodwa kukwabonelela ngendlela enokwenzeka yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweelebhu.