Intshayelelo

Iibhotile ze-Headspace zizikhongozeli zeesampuli ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kuhlalutyo lwe-gas chromatography (GC), ezisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukufaka iisampuli zegesi okanye zolwelo ukuze kufezekiswe ukuthuthwa nokuhlaziywa kwesampuli okuzinzileyo ngenkqubo evaliweyo. Iimpawu zazo ezibalaseleyo zokutywina kunye nokungangeni kweekhemikhali kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuphindaphinda kweziphumo zohlalutyo.

Kwizilingo zemihla ngemihla, ii-headspace vials zihlala zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezilahlwayo. Nangona oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ungcoliseko oluxubeneyo, kukwanyusa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kwelebhu, ingakumbi kwizicelo ezineesampuli ezininzi kunye novavanyo oluphindaphindeneyo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwazo okulahlwayo kubangela inkunkuma enkulu yeglasi, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo ekuzinzeni kwelebhu.

Izinto kunye neempawu zesakhiwo seeVili zeHeadspace

Iibhotile ze-headspace zihlala zenziwe ngeglasi ye-borosilicate enamandla aphezulu, enganyangekiyo kubushushu obuphezulu, engangeni khemikhali kwaye izinzile kubushushu ngokwaneleyo ukumelana neendidi ezahlukeneyo zezinyibilikisi zendalo, iimeko zokutya ezishushu kakhulu kunye neendawo zokusebenza ezixineneyo.Ngokwethiyori, iglasi ye-borosilicate inamandla okucoca nokusebenzisa kwakhona, kodwa ubomi bayo bokwenyani bunqunyelwe zizinto ezifana nokuwohloka kwesakhiwo kunye nentsalela yongcoliseko.

Inkqubo yokutywina yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwee-headspace vials kwaye idla ngokuba ne-aluminium cap okanye i-spacer. I-aluminium cap yenza ukuvalwa okungangenisi gesi emlonyeni webhotile nge-gland okanye i-threading, ngelixa i-spacer inika ukufikelela ekungeneni kwenaliti kwaye ithintela ukuvuza kwegesi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelixa umzimba we-glass vial ugcina isakhiwo sawo esisisiseko emva kokuhlamba izihlandlo ezininzi, i-spacer idla ngokuba yinxalenye elahlwayo kwaye isengozini yokulahlekelwa yi-sealing kunye nokulahleka kwezinto emva kokubhoboza, okuchaphazela ukuthembeka kokusetyenziswa kwakhona. Ke ngoko, xa uzama ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, i-spacer idla ngokufuna ukutshintshwa, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-glass vials kunye ne-aluminium caps kufuneka kuhlolwe ukuqina kwazo ngokomzimba kunye nokukwazi ukugcina umoya ungangeni.

Ukongeza, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemodeli zeebhotile ngokubhekiselele kubukhulu, ukuveliswa ngokubambisana. Kunokubakho umahluko omncinci ekwakhiweni komlomo webhotile, njl.njl., okunokuchaphazela ukuhambelana neebhotile ze-autosampler, ukulingana kwetywina, kunye nemeko eseleyo emva kokucoca. Ke ngoko, xa kusenziwa inkqubo yokucoca nokusetyenziswa kwakhona, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngokwemigangatho ethile kwiinkcukacha ezithile zeebhotile ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha.

Uhlalutyo Lokwenzeka Kokucoca

1. Iindlela zokucoca

Iibhotile ze-headspace zicocwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ukucoca ngesandla kunye nokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukucoca ngesandla kudla ngokufanelekile ekucutshungulweni kwebhetshi encinci, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, rhoqo ngebrashi yebhotile ye-reagent, ukuhlamba ngamanzi aqukuqelayo kunye nokucubungula i-reagent yamachiza ngamanyathelo amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokucoca ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni ngesandla, kukho umngcipheko wokuba iziphumo zokuphinda-phinda kunye nokucoca zisenokungazinzi.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izixhobo zokucoca ezizenzekelayo zinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kunye nokuhambelana. Ukucoca nge-ultrasonic kuvelisa amaqamza amancinci ngokujikeleza okuphezulu, okunokususa ngokufanelekileyo amasalela amancinane anamathele kwisikhuselo, kwaye kufanelekile ngakumbi ukuphatha amasalela anamathelayo kakhulu okanye amasalela amancinane endalo.

Ukukhetha iarhente yokucoca kunempembelelo enkulu kwimpembelelo yokucoca. Iiarhente zokucoca ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-ethanol, i-acetone, ulwelo lokuhlamba iibhotile zamanzi, kunye neesepha ezikhethekileyo. Inkqubo yokucoca enamanyathelo amaninzi iyacetyiswa ngokubanzi: ukuhlamba okunyibilikisayo (ukususa iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo)→ukuhlamba okumanzi (ukususa ungcoliseko olunyibilikayo emanzini)→ukuhlamba ngamanzi acocekileyo.

Emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukucoca, kufuneka komiswe kakuhle ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba intsalela yomswakama ingachaphazeleki kwisampuli. Izixhobo zokomisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-oven yokomisa elebhu (60 ℃ -120 ℃), kwezinye izicelo ezifuna umgudu omkhulu, zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ngakumbi ucoceko kunye namandla e-bacteriostatic e-autoclaving.

2. Ukufunyanwa kweentsalela emva kokucoca

Ucociso olucokisekileyo kufuneka luqinisekiswe ngovavanyo lwentsalela. Imithombo eqhelekileyo yezinto ezingcolisayo ibandakanya iintsalela ezivela kwiisampuli zangaphambili, izinto ezinyibilikisayo, izongezo kunye nezinto ezisele zesepha ezivela kwinkqubo yokucoca. Ukusilela ukususa ezi zinto zingcolisayo ngokupheleleyo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kuhlalutyo olulandelayo olufana "neencopho zeziporho" kunye nengxolo ekhulayo yangasemva.

Ngokweendlela zokufumanisa, eyona ndlela ithe ngqo kukuqhuba umjikelo ongenanto, oko kukuthi, ibhotile ecociweyo ifakwa njengesampuli engenanto, kwaye ubukho beencopho ezingaziwayo bubonwa yi-gas chromatography (GC) okanye i-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Enye indlela ebanzi ngakumbi yi-total organic carbon analysis, esetyenziselwa ukubala ubungakanani bezinto eziphilayo ezisele kumphezulu webhotile okanye kwisisombululo sokuhlamba.

Ukongeza, "uthelekiso lwemvelaphi" lunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela ethile yokuhlalutya enxulumene nesampulu: ibhotile ecociweyo isebenza phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo nebhotile entsha, kwaye inqanaba leempawu zangasemva lithelekiswa nobukho beencopho ezingachanekanga ukuvavanya ukuba ukucoca kusemgangathweni owamkelekileyo na.

Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukusetyenziswa Kwakhona

1. Impembelelo kwiziphumo zohlalutyo

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ii-Headspace vials kufuneka kuhlolwe kuqala ngempembelelo yazo kwiziphumo zohlalutyo, ingakumbi kuhlalutyo lobungakanani. Njengoko inani lokusetyenziswa lisanda, ii-trace compounds zinokuhlala eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-vial, kwaye nasemva kokucoca, ukungcola okuncinci kusenokukhululwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, okuphazamisana nokulinganiswa kweencopho ekujoliswe kuzo. Ibuthathaka kakhulu kuhlalutyo lokulandelela kwaye isengozini enkulu yokukhetha.

Ukwanda kwengxolo yangasemva nako yingxaki eqhelekileyo. Ukungacocwa ngokupheleleyo okanye ukonakala kwezinto kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwenkqubo, okuphazamisa ukuchongwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo okuphezulu.

Ukongeza, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe uvavanyo kunye nokuzinza kwexesha elide zizibonakaliso ezibalulekileyo zokuvavanya ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukuphinda kusetyenziswe. Ukuba iibhotile azihambelani ekucocekeni, ukusebenza kokutywina, okanye ukuthembeka kwezinto, oku kuya kukhokelela kutshintsho ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenaliti kunye nokuguquguquka kwindawo ephakame kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe uvavanyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokuqinisekiswa kwebhetshi kwiibhotile ezisetyenzisiweyo kwizicelo ezisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthelekiswa kunye nokuhambelana kwedatha ehlalutyiweyo.

2. Ukwaluphala kweVial kunye ne-spacers

Ukuwohloka ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokonakaliswa kwezinto zebhotile kunye nenkqubo yokutywina akunakuphepheka xa kusetyenziswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Emva kwemijikelo emininzi yokujikeleza kobushushu, ukuchaphazeleka koomatshini kunye nokucoca, iibhotile zeglasi zinokuba nemingxunya emincinci okanye imikrwelo, engabi "ziindawo ezifileyo" zezinto ezingcolisayo kuphela, kodwa ikwabeka nomngcipheko wokuqhekeka ngexesha lokusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu.

I-spacers, njengezinto ezigqobhozayo, ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza. Inani elandayo lee-punctures linokubangela ukuba i-spacer cavity yande okanye ivaleke kakubi, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni yi-volatilization yesampuli, ukulahleka komoya, kunye nokungazinzi kokutya. Ukwaluphala kwe-spacer kunokukhupha amasuntswana okanye izinto eziphilayo ezinokungcolisa ngakumbi isampuli.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo zokwaluphala ziquka ukutshintsha kombala webhotile, ukubola komphezulu, kunye nokuguquka kwesigqubuthelo se-aluminiyam, konke oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kwesampulu kunye nokuhambelana kwezixhobo. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lovavanyo kunye nokuthembeka kwedatha, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uhlolo olubonakalayo olufunekayo kunye novavanyo lokutywina ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe kwakhona, kunye nokususa izinto ezinokonakala okukhulu ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Iingcebiso kunye namanyathelo okuzikhusela xa kusetyenziswa kwakhona

Iibhotile ze-headspace zingasetyenziswa kwakhona ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile emva kokucocwa nokuqinisekiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa oku kufuneka kujongwe ngononophelo ngokwemeko ethile yesicelo, uhlobo lwesampulu kunye neemeko zezixhobo.

1. Inani elicetyiswayo lokusetyenziswa kwakhona

Ngokweemava asebenzayo kwezinye iilabhoratri kunye neencwadi, kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa apho kuphathwa khona ii-VOC eziqhelekileyo okanye iisampuli zongcoliseko oluphantsi, iibhotile zeglasi zihlala zingasetyenziswa kwakhona izihlandlo ezi-3-5, ukuba zicociwe kakuhle, zomiswe kwaye zihlolwe emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye. Emva kwala maxesha, ubunzima bokucoca, umngcipheko wokwaluphala kunye nethuba lokungatywinwa kakuhle kweebhotile kukhula kakhulu, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba zisuswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Iicushion ziyacetyiswa ukuba zitshintshwe emva kokusetyenziswa ngakunye kwaye akucetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umgangatho wee-vials uyahluka phakathi kweempawu kunye neemodeli kwaye kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngokwemveliso ethile. Kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo okanye uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo, ii-vials ezintsha kufuneka zikhethwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwedatha.

2. Iimeko apho kungacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe kwakhona

Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa kwakhona ii-headspace vials kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Kunzima ukususa iintsalela zesampulu ngokupheleleyo, umz. iisampulu ezixineneyo kakhulu, ezifunxwa lula okanye ezinetyuwa;
• Isampuli inetyhefu kakhulu okanye iyatshintshatshintsha, umz. ibenzene, iihydrocarbons ezikhlorini, njl. Iintsalela ezicacileyo zinokuba yingozi kumqhubi;
• Ukuvalwa kobushushu obuphezulu okanye iimeko ezixinzelelweyo emva kokusetyenziswa kwebhotile, utshintsho loxinzelelo lolwakhiwo lunokuchaphazela ukuvalwa okulandelayo;
• Iibhotile zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezilawulwa kakhulu njenge-forensics, ukutya, kunye namayeza, kwaye kufuneka zithobele imithetho efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zokuvunywa kwelebhu;
• Iibhotile ezineemifantu ezibonakalayo, ukuguquguquka, umbala otshintshayo, okanye iilebheli ezinzima ukuzisusa zibeka umngcipheko wokhuseleko.

3. Ukusekwa kweenkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni

Ukuze kusetyenziswe kwakhona ngendlela efanelekileyo nekhuselekileyo, kufuneka kuphuhliswe iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni ofanayo, kuquka kodwa kungapheleli apho:

• Ulawulo lweelebheli kunye neenombolo zeendidiChonga iibhotile ezisetyenzisiweyo uze ubhale phantsi inani lamaxesha kunye neentlobo zeesampuli ezisetyenzisiweyo;
• Ukusekwa kwephepha lokurekhoda ukucoca: misela umjikelo ngamnye wenkqubo yokucoca, urekhode uhlobo lwesixhobo sokucoca, ixesha lokucoca, kunye nemilinganiselo yezixhobo;
• Ukumisela imigangatho yokuphela kobomi kunye nemijikelo yokuhlolwa: Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lokujonga inkangeleko kunye novavanyo lokutywina emva komjikelo ngamnye wokusetyenziswa;
• Ukuseta indlela yokwahlula iindawo zokucoca nezokugcina izinto: ukuphepha ukungcoliswa okusasazekayo nokuqinisekisa ukuba iibhotile ezicocekileyo zihlala zicocekile ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa;
• Ukuqhuba uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa rhoqo: umz. ukusebenzisa izinto ezingenanto ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho kokuphazamiseka kwangasemva kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa okuphindaphindiweyo akuchaphazeli iziphumo zohlalutyo.

Ngolawulo lwesayensi kunye neenkqubo ezimiselweyo, ilebhu inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iindleko zezinto ezisetyenziswayo phantsi kwengcamango yokuqinisekisa umgangatho wohlalutyo, kwaye ifezekise imisebenzi yovavanyo oluluhlaza noluzinzileyo.

Uvavanyo lweeNzuzo zezoQoqosho nezeNdalo

Ulawulo lweendleko kunye nokuzinza kube zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwimisebenzi yelabhoratri yanamhlanje. Ukucoca nokusebenzisa kwakhona ii-headspace vials akunakubangela nje kuphela ukonga iindleko ezinkulu, kodwa kunokubangela nokunciphisa inkunkuma yelabhoratri, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwelabhoratri eluhlaza.

1. Ubalo lokonga iindleko: olulahlwayo vs. Oluphinda lusetyenziswe

Ukuba bekusetyenziswe ii-headspace vials ezilahlwayo kwi-exponential example nganye, ii-exponential veils ezili-100 beziza kubangela ilahleko yeendleko ezibonakalayo. Ukuba i-glass vial nganye ibingasetyenziswa kwakhona ngokukhuselekileyo izihlandlo ezininzi, i-exponential veil efanayo ibiya kufuna ixabiso eliphakathi okanye elingaphantsi kunelo lokuqala.

Inkqubo yokucoca ikwabandakanya izixhobo zokusebenza, iisepha kunye neendleko zabasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiilabhoratri ezineenkqubo zokucoca ezizenzekelayo, iindleko zokucoca eziphantsi ziphantsi kakhulu, ingakumbi kuhlalutyo lweesampuli ezininzi, kwaye iingenelo zoqoqosho zokusetyenziswa kwakhona zibaluleke ngakumbi.

2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokunciphisa inkunkuma yelabhoratri

Iibhotile ezisetyenziswa kube kanye zinokuqokelela ngokukhawuleza inkunkuma enkulu yeglasi. Ngokusebenzisa kwakhona iibhotile, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kungancitshiswa kakhulu kwaye umthwalo wokulahla inkunkuma uncitshiswe, kunye neenzuzo ezikhawulezileyo ngakumbi kwiilabhoratri ezineendleko eziphezulu zokulahla inkunkuma okanye iimfuno ezingqongqo zokucwangcisa.

Ukongeza, ukunciphisa inani leendawo zokuvala kunye nezivalo ze-aluminium ezisetyenziswayo kuya kunciphisa ngakumbi inani lenkunkuma ekhutshwa ngerabha kunye nenkunkuma ekhutshwa ngesinyithi.

3. Igalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweelabhoratri

Ukusebenzisa kwakhona izixhobo zelebhu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo "yotshintsho oluluhlaza" lwelebhu. Ngokwandisa ubomi bezinto ezisetyenziswayo ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho wedatha, asigcini nje ngokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kodwa sikwahlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo ezifana ne-ISO 14001. Ikwahlangabezana neemfuno zeenkqubo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo ezifana ne-ISO 14001, kwaye inefuthe elihle kwisicelo sesatifikethi selebhu eluhlaza, uvavanyo lokonga umbane kwiiyunivesithi, kunye neengxelo zoxanduva loluntu lwenkampani.

Kwangaxeshanye, ukusekwa komgangatho wenkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona nokucoca kukwakhuthaza ukuphuculwa kolawulo lwelabhoratri kwaye kunceda ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yovavanyo enika ukubaluleka okufanayo kwingcamango yozinzo kunye nemigangatho yesayensi.

Izigqibo kunye neMbono

Ngamafutshane, ukucocwa nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-headspace vials kunokwenzeka ngobuchwephesha. Izixhobo zeglasi ze-borosilicate ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokungangeni kakuhle kweekhemikhali kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu zingasetyenziswa izihlandlo ezininzi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela kakhulu iziphumo zohlalutyo phantsi kweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokucoca kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa. Ngokukhetha okunengqiqo kwezinto zokucoca, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucoca ezizenzekelayo, kunye nokudibanisa unyango lokomisa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane, ilebhu inokufikelela ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona okusemgangathweni kwee-vials, ilawula ngokufanelekileyo iindleko kwaye inciphise ukukhutshwa kwenkunkuma.

Kwindlela yokusebenza, uhlobo lwesampulu, iimfuno zobuntununtunu zendlela yokuhlalutya, kunye nokuguga kweebhotile kunye nee-spacers kufuneka zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba kusekwe inkqubo yokusebenza esemgangathweni ebanzi, kubandakanya irekhodi lokusetyenziswa, umda kwinani lokuphindaphinda, kunye nendlela yokukrazula rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphinda kusetyenziswe akubeki mngcipheko kumgangatho wedatha kunye nokhuseleko lovavanyo.

Ukujonga phambili, ngokukhuthazwa kwengcamango yelabhoratri eluhlaza kunye nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-vials kuya kuba yindlela ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwezixhobo zelebhu, uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokucoca esebenza ngokuzenzekelayo, ezenzekelayo, ukuphonononga izixhobo ezintsha ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona, njl., ngovavanyo lwesayensi kunye nokubekwa kwezikhungo zolawulo lokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-vials ze-headspace akuyi kuphela Ngovavanyo lwesayensi kunye nolawulo olusekwe kwiziko, ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwee-vials ze-headspace akuncedi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni iindleko zovavanyo, kodwa kukwabonelela ngendlela enokwenzeka yophuhliso oluzinzileyo lweelabhoratri.